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Allocate objects on the stack if they (a) don't have a destructor, and (b) don't override the delete operator (on top of the regular conditions for stack allocation that also apply to arrays, structs, etc.). The "no destructor" clause is not strictly necessary, but calling them at the right time would be tricky to say the least; it would involve, among other things, "manually" inserting a try-finally block around anything that might throw exceptions not caught in the current function. Note: objects with custom new operators are automatically ignored because they don't use the regular allocation runtime call, so there's no need to pay special attention to them.
author Frits van Bommel <fvbommel wxs.nl>
date Sat, 09 May 2009 00:50:15 +0200
parents e961851fb8be
children 8026319762be
line wrap: on
line source


// Compiler implementation of the D programming language
// Copyright (c) 1999-2009 by Digital Mars
// All Rights Reserved
// written by Walter Bright
// http://www.digitalmars.com
// License for redistribution is by either the Artistic License
// in artistic.txt, or the GNU General Public License in gnu.txt.
// See the included readme.txt for details.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <math.h>

#if __DMC__
#include <complex.h>
#endif

#include "lexer.h"
#include "mtype.h"
#include "expression.h"
#include "declaration.h"
#include "aggregate.h"
#include "init.h"


#ifdef IN_GCC
#include "d-gcc-real.h"

/* %% fix? */
extern "C" bool real_isnan (const real_t *);
#endif

static real_t zero;	// work around DMC bug for now


/*************************************
 * If expression is a variable with a const initializer,
 * return that initializer.
 */

Expression *fromConstInitializer(Expression *e1)
{
    //printf("fromConstInitializer(%s)\n", e1->toChars());
    if (e1->op == TOKvar)
    {	VarExp *ve = (VarExp *)e1;
	VarDeclaration *v = ve->var->isVarDeclaration();
	if (v && v->isConst() && v->init)
	{   Expression *ei = v->init->toExpression();
	    if (ei && ei->type)
		e1 = ei;
	}
    }
    return e1;
}


Expression *Expression::optimize(int result)
{
    //printf("Expression::optimize(result = x%x) %s\n", result, toChars());
    return this;
}

Expression *VarExp::optimize(int result)
{
    if (result & WANTinterpret)
    {
	return fromConstInitializer(this);
    }
    return this;
}

Expression *TupleExp::optimize(int result)
{
    for (size_t i = 0; i < exps->dim; i++)
    {   Expression *e = (Expression *)exps->data[i];

	e = e->optimize(WANTvalue | (result & WANTinterpret));
	exps->data[i] = (void *)e;
    }
    return this;
}

Expression *ArrayLiteralExp::optimize(int result)
{
    if (elements)
    {
	for (size_t i = 0; i < elements->dim; i++)
	{   Expression *e = (Expression *)elements->data[i];

	    e = e->optimize(WANTvalue | (result & WANTinterpret));
	    elements->data[i] = (void *)e;
	}
    }
    return this;
}

Expression *AssocArrayLiteralExp::optimize(int result)
{
    assert(keys->dim == values->dim);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < keys->dim; i++)
    {   Expression *e = (Expression *)keys->data[i];

	e = e->optimize(WANTvalue | (result & WANTinterpret));
	keys->data[i] = (void *)e;

	e = (Expression *)values->data[i];
	e = e->optimize(WANTvalue | (result & WANTinterpret));
	values->data[i] = (void *)e;
    }
    return this;
}

Expression *StructLiteralExp::optimize(int result)
{
    if (elements)
    {
	for (size_t i = 0; i < elements->dim; i++)
	{   Expression *e = (Expression *)elements->data[i];
	    if (!e)
		continue;
	    e = e->optimize(WANTvalue | (result & WANTinterpret));
	    elements->data[i] = (void *)e;
	}
    }
    return this;
}

Expression *TypeExp::optimize(int result)
{
    return this;
}

Expression *UnaExp::optimize(int result)
{
    e1 = e1->optimize(result);
    return this;
}

Expression *NegExp::optimize(int result)
{   Expression *e;

    e1 = e1->optimize(result);
    if (e1->isConst() == 1)
    {
	e = Neg(type, e1);
    }
    else
	e = this;
    return e;
}

Expression *ComExp::optimize(int result)
{   Expression *e;

    e1 = e1->optimize(result);
    if (e1->isConst() == 1)
    {
	e = Com(type, e1);
    }
    else
	e = this;
    return e;
}

Expression *NotExp::optimize(int result)
{   Expression *e;

    e1 = e1->optimize(result);
    if (e1->isConst() == 1)
    {
	e = Not(type, e1);
    }
    else
	e = this;
    return e;
}

Expression *BoolExp::optimize(int result)
{   Expression *e;

    e1 = e1->optimize(result);
    if (e1->isConst() == 1)
    {
	e = Bool(type, e1);
    }
    else
	e = this;
    return e;
}

Expression *AddrExp::optimize(int result)
{   Expression *e;

    //printf("AddrExp::optimize(result = %d) %s\n", result, toChars());
    e1 = e1->optimize(result);
    // Convert &*ex to ex
    if (e1->op == TOKstar)
    {	Expression *ex;

	ex = ((PtrExp *)e1)->e1;
	if (type->equals(ex->type))
	    e = ex;
	else
	{
	    e = ex->copy();
	    e->type = type;
	}
	return e;
    }
#if !IN_LLVM
    if (e1->op == TOKvar)
    {	VarExp *ve = (VarExp *)e1;
	if (!ve->var->isOut() && !ve->var->isRef() &&
	    !ve->var->isImportedSymbol())
	{
	    e = new SymOffExp(loc, ve->var, 0);
	    e->type = type;
	    return e;
	}
    }
    if (e1->op == TOKindex)
    {	// Convert &array[n] to &array+n
	IndexExp *ae = (IndexExp *)e1;

	if (ae->e2->op == TOKint64 && ae->e1->op == TOKvar)
	{
	    dinteger_t index = ae->e2->toInteger();
	    VarExp *ve = (VarExp *)ae->e1;
	    if (ve->type->ty == Tsarray && ve->type->next->ty != Tbit
		&& !ve->var->isImportedSymbol())
	    {
		TypeSArray *ts = (TypeSArray *)ve->type;
		dinteger_t dim = ts->dim->toInteger();
		if (index < 0 || index >= dim)
		    error("array index %jd is out of bounds [0..%jd]", index, dim);
		e = new SymOffExp(loc, ve->var, index * ts->next->size());
		e->type = type;
		return e;
	    }
	}
    }
#endif
    return this;
}

Expression *PtrExp::optimize(int result)
{
    //printf("PtrExp::optimize(result = x%x) %s\n", result, toChars());
    e1 = e1->optimize(result);
    // Convert *&ex to ex
    if (e1->op == TOKaddress)
    {	Expression *e;
	Expression *ex;

	ex = ((AddrExp *)e1)->e1;
	if (type->equals(ex->type))
	    e = ex;
	else
	{
	    e = ex->copy();
	    e->type = type;
	}
	return e;
    }
    // Constant fold *(&structliteral + offset)
    if (e1->op == TOKadd)
    {
	Expression *e;
	e = Ptr(type, e1);
	if (e != EXP_CANT_INTERPRET)
	    return e;
    }

    return this;
}

Expression *DotVarExp::optimize(int result)
{
    //printf("DotVarExp::optimize(result = x%x) %s\n", result, toChars());
    e1 = e1->optimize(result);

#if DMDV2
    if (e1->op == TOKvar)
    {	VarExp *ve = (VarExp *)e1;
	VarDeclaration *v = ve->var->isVarDeclaration();
	Expression *e = expandVar(result, v);
	if (e && e->op == TOKstructliteral)
	{   StructLiteralExp *sle = (StructLiteralExp *)e;
	    VarDeclaration *vf = var->isVarDeclaration();
	    if (vf)
	    {
		e = sle->getField(type, vf->offset);
		if (e != EXP_CANT_INTERPRET)
		    return e;
	    }
	}
    }
    else
#endif
    if (e1->op == TOKstructliteral)
    {   StructLiteralExp *sle = (StructLiteralExp *)e1;
	VarDeclaration *vf = var->isVarDeclaration();
	if (vf)
	{
	    Expression *e = sle->getField(type, vf->offset);
	    if (e != EXP_CANT_INTERPRET)
		return e;
	}
    }

    return this;
}

Expression *CallExp::optimize(int result)
{   Expression *e = this;

    e1 = e1->optimize(result);
    if (e1->op == TOKvar && result & WANTinterpret)
    {
	FuncDeclaration *fd = ((VarExp *)e1)->var->isFuncDeclaration();
	if (fd)
	{
	    Expression *eresult = fd->interpret(NULL, arguments);
	    if (eresult && eresult != EXP_VOID_INTERPRET)
		e = eresult;
	    else if (result & WANTinterpret)
		error("cannot evaluate %s at compile time", toChars());
	}
    }
    return e;
}


Expression *CastExp::optimize(int result)
{
    //printf("CastExp::optimize(result = %d) %s\n", result, toChars());
    //printf("from %s to %s\n", type->toChars(), to->toChars());
    //printf("from %s\n", type->toChars());
    //printf("e1->type %s\n", e1->type->toChars());
    //printf("type = %p\n", type);
    assert(type);
    enum TOK op1 = e1->op;

    e1 = e1->optimize(result);
    if (result & WANTinterpret)
	e1 = fromConstInitializer(e1);

    if ((e1->op == TOKstring || e1->op == TOKarrayliteral) &&
	(type->ty == Tpointer || type->ty == Tarray) &&
	type->next->equals(e1->type->next)
       )
    {
	// make a copy before adjusting type to avoid
	// messing up the type of an existing initializer
	e1 = e1->syntaxCopy();
	e1->type = type;
	return e1;
    }
    /* The first test here is to prevent infinite loops
     */
    if (op1 != TOKarrayliteral && e1->op == TOKarrayliteral)
	return e1->castTo(NULL, to);
    if (e1->op == TOKnull &&
	(type->ty == Tpointer || type->ty == Tclass))
    {
	e1->type = type;
	return e1;
    }

    if (result & WANTflags && type->ty == Tclass && e1->type->ty == Tclass)
    {
	// See if we can remove an unnecessary cast
	ClassDeclaration *cdfrom;
	ClassDeclaration *cdto;
	int offset;

	cdfrom = e1->type->isClassHandle();
	cdto   = type->isClassHandle();
	if (cdto->isBaseOf(cdfrom, &offset) && offset == 0)
	{
	    e1->type = type;
	    return e1;
	}
    }

    Expression *e;

    if (e1->isConst())
    {
	if (e1->op == TOKsymoff)
	{
	    if (type->size() == e1->type->size() &&
		type->toBasetype()->ty != Tsarray)
	    {
		e1->type = type;
		return e1;
	    }
	    return this;
	}
	if (to->toBasetype()->ty == Tvoid)
	    e = this;
	else
	    e = Cast(type, to, e1);
    }
    else
	e = this;
    return e;
}

Expression *BinExp::optimize(int result)
{
    //printf("BinExp::optimize(result = %d) %s\n", result, toChars());
    e1 = e1->optimize(result);
    e2 = e2->optimize(result);
    if (op == TOKshlass || op == TOKshrass || op == TOKushrass)
    {
	if (e2->isConst() == 1)
	{
	    dinteger_t i2 = e2->toInteger();
	    d_uns64 sz = e1->type->size() * 8;
	    if (i2 < 0 || i2 > sz)
	    {   error("shift assign by %jd is outside the range 0..%zu", i2, sz);
		e2 = new IntegerExp(0);
	    }
	}
    }
    return this;
}

Expression *AddExp::optimize(int result)
{   Expression *e;

    //printf("AddExp::optimize(%s)\n", toChars());
    e1 = e1->optimize(result);
    e2 = e2->optimize(result);
    if (e1->isConst() && e2->isConst())
    {
	if (e1->op == TOKsymoff && e2->op == TOKsymoff)
	    return this;
	e = Add(type, e1, e2);
    }
    else
	e = this;
    return e;
}

Expression *MinExp::optimize(int result)
{   Expression *e;

    e1 = e1->optimize(result);
    e2 = e2->optimize(result);
    if (e1->isConst() && e2->isConst())
    {
	if (e2->op == TOKsymoff)
	    return this;
	e = Min(type, e1, e2);
    }
    else
	e = this;
    return e;
}

Expression *MulExp::optimize(int result)
{   Expression *e;

    //printf("MulExp::optimize(result = %d) %s\n", result, toChars());
    e1 = e1->optimize(result);
    e2 = e2->optimize(result);
    if (e1->isConst() == 1 && e2->isConst() == 1)
    {
	e = Mul(type, e1, e2);
    }
    else
	e = this;
    return e;
}

Expression *DivExp::optimize(int result)
{   Expression *e;

    //printf("DivExp::optimize(%s)\n", toChars());
    e1 = e1->optimize(result);
    e2 = e2->optimize(result);
    if (e1->isConst() == 1 && e2->isConst() == 1)
    {
	e = Div(type, e1, e2);
    }
    else
	e = this;
    return e;
}

Expression *ModExp::optimize(int result)
{   Expression *e;

    e1 = e1->optimize(result);
    e2 = e2->optimize(result);
    if (e1->isConst() == 1 && e2->isConst() == 1)
    {
	e = Mod(type, e1, e2);
    }
    else
	e = this;
    return e;
}

Expression *shift_optimize(int result, BinExp *e, Expression *(*shift)(Type *, Expression *, Expression *))
{   Expression *ex = e;

    e->e1 = e->e1->optimize(result);
    e->e2 = e->e2->optimize(result);
    if (e->e2->isConst() == 1)
    {
	dinteger_t i2 = e->e2->toInteger();
	d_uns64 sz = e->e1->type->size() * 8;
	if (i2 < 0 || i2 > sz)
	{   e->error("shift by %jd is outside the range 0..%zu", i2, sz);
	    e->e2 = new IntegerExp(0);
	}
	if (e->e1->isConst() == 1)
	    ex = (*shift)(e->type, e->e1, e->e2);
    }
    return ex;
}

Expression *ShlExp::optimize(int result)
{
    //printf("ShlExp::optimize(result = %d) %s\n", result, toChars());
    return shift_optimize(result, this, Shl);
}

Expression *ShrExp::optimize(int result)
{
    //printf("ShrExp::optimize(result = %d) %s\n", result, toChars());
    return shift_optimize(result, this, Shr);
}

Expression *UshrExp::optimize(int result)
{
    //printf("UshrExp::optimize(result = %d) %s\n", result, toChars());
    return shift_optimize(result, this, Ushr);
}

Expression *AndExp::optimize(int result)
{   Expression *e;

    e1 = e1->optimize(result);
    e2 = e2->optimize(result);
    if (e1->isConst() == 1 && e2->isConst() == 1)
	e = And(type, e1, e2);
    else
	e = this;
    return e;
}

Expression *OrExp::optimize(int result)
{   Expression *e;

    e1 = e1->optimize(result);
    e2 = e2->optimize(result);
    if (e1->isConst() == 1 && e2->isConst() == 1)
	e = Or(type, e1, e2);
    else
	e = this;
    return e;
}

Expression *XorExp::optimize(int result)
{   Expression *e;

    e1 = e1->optimize(result);
    e2 = e2->optimize(result);
    if (e1->isConst() == 1 && e2->isConst() == 1)
	e = Xor(type, e1, e2);
    else
	e = this;
    return e;
}

Expression *CommaExp::optimize(int result)
{   Expression *e;

    //printf("CommaExp::optimize(result = %d) %s\n", result, toChars());
    e1 = e1->optimize(result & WANTinterpret);
    e2 = e2->optimize(result);
    if (!e1 || e1->op == TOKint64 || e1->op == TOKfloat64 || !e1->checkSideEffect(2))
    {
	e = e2;
	if (e)
	    e->type = type;
    }
    else
	e = this;
    //printf("-CommaExp::optimize(result = %d) %s\n", result, e->toChars());
    return e;
}

Expression *ArrayLengthExp::optimize(int result)
{   Expression *e;

    //printf("ArrayLengthExp::optimize(result = %d) %s\n", result, toChars());
    e1 = e1->optimize(WANTvalue | (result & WANTinterpret));
    e = this;
    if (e1->op == TOKstring || e1->op == TOKarrayliteral || e1->op == TOKassocarrayliteral)
    {
	e = ArrayLength(type, e1);
    }
    return e;
}

Expression *EqualExp::optimize(int result)
{   Expression *e;

    //printf("EqualExp::optimize(result = %x) %s\n", result, toChars());
    e1 = e1->optimize(WANTvalue | (result & WANTinterpret));
    e2 = e2->optimize(WANTvalue | (result & WANTinterpret));
    e = this;

    Expression *e1 = fromConstInitializer(this->e1);
    Expression *e2 = fromConstInitializer(this->e2);

    e = Equal(op, type, e1, e2);
    if (e == EXP_CANT_INTERPRET)
	e = this;
    return e;
}

Expression *IdentityExp::optimize(int result)
{   Expression *e;

    //printf("IdentityExp::optimize(result = %d) %s\n", result, toChars());
    e1 = e1->optimize(WANTvalue | (result & WANTinterpret));
    e2 = e2->optimize(WANTvalue | (result & WANTinterpret));
    e = this;

    if (this->e1->isConst() && this->e2->isConst())
    {
	e = Identity(op, type, this->e1, this->e2);
    }
    return e;
}

Expression *IndexExp::optimize(int result)
{   Expression *e;

    //printf("IndexExp::optimize(result = %d) %s\n", result, toChars());
    Expression *e1 = this->e1->optimize(WANTvalue | (result & WANTinterpret));
    if (result & WANTinterpret)
	e1 = fromConstInitializer(e1);
    e2 = e2->optimize(WANTvalue | (result & WANTinterpret));
    e = Index(type, e1, e2);
    if (e == EXP_CANT_INTERPRET)
	e = this;
    return e;
}

Expression *SliceExp::optimize(int result)
{   Expression *e;

    //printf("SliceExp::optimize(result = %d) %s\n", result, toChars());
    e = this;
    e1 = e1->optimize(WANTvalue | (result & WANTinterpret));
    if (!lwr)
    {	if (e1->op == TOKstring)
	{   // Convert slice of string literal into dynamic array
	    Type *t = e1->type->toBasetype();
	    if (t->next)
		e = e1->castTo(NULL, t->next->arrayOf());
	}
	return e;
    }
    if (result & WANTinterpret)
	e1 = fromConstInitializer(e1);
    lwr = lwr->optimize(WANTvalue | (result & WANTinterpret));
    upr = upr->optimize(WANTvalue | (result & WANTinterpret));
    e = Slice(type, e1, lwr, upr);
    if (e == EXP_CANT_INTERPRET)
	e = this;
    return e;
}

Expression *AndAndExp::optimize(int result)
{   Expression *e;

    //printf("AndAndExp::optimize(%d) %s\n", result, toChars());
    e1 = e1->optimize(WANTflags | (result & WANTinterpret));
    e = this;
    if (e1->isBool(FALSE))
    {
	e = new CommaExp(loc, e1, new IntegerExp(loc, 0, type));
	e->type = type;
	e = e->optimize(result);
    }
    else
    {
	e2 = e2->optimize(WANTflags | (result & WANTinterpret));
	if (result && e2->type->toBasetype()->ty == Tvoid && !global.errors)
	    error("void has no value");
	if (e1->isConst())
	{
	    if (e2->isConst())
	    {	int n1 = e1->isBool(1);
		int n2 = e2->isBool(1);

		e = new IntegerExp(loc, n1 && n2, type);
	    }
	    else if (e1->isBool(TRUE))
		e = new BoolExp(loc, e2, type);
	}
    }
    return e;
}

Expression *OrOrExp::optimize(int result)
{   Expression *e;

    e1 = e1->optimize(WANTflags | (result & WANTinterpret));
    e = this;
    if (e1->isBool(TRUE))
    {	// Replace with (e1, 1)
	e = new CommaExp(loc, e1, new IntegerExp(loc, 1, type));
	e->type = type;
	e = e->optimize(result);
    }
    else
    {
	e2 = e2->optimize(WANTflags | (result & WANTinterpret));
	if (result && e2->type->toBasetype()->ty == Tvoid && !global.errors)
	    error("void has no value");
	if (e1->isConst())
	{
	    if (e2->isConst())
	    {	int n1 = e1->isBool(1);
		int n2 = e2->isBool(1);

		e = new IntegerExp(loc, n1 || n2, type);
	    }
	    else if (e1->isBool(FALSE))
		e = new BoolExp(loc, e2, type);
	}
    }
    return e;
}

Expression *CmpExp::optimize(int result)
{   Expression *e;

    //printf("CmpExp::optimize() %s\n", toChars());
    e1 = e1->optimize(result);
    e2 = e2->optimize(result);
    if (e1->isConst() == 1 && e2->isConst() == 1)
    {
	e = Cmp(op, type, this->e1, this->e2);
    }
    else
	e = this;
    return e;
}

Expression *CatExp::optimize(int result)
{   Expression *e;

    //printf("CatExp::optimize(%d) %s\n", result, toChars());
    e1 = e1->optimize(result);
    e2 = e2->optimize(result);
    e = Cat(type, e1, e2);
    if (e == EXP_CANT_INTERPRET)
	e = this;
    return e;
}


Expression *CondExp::optimize(int result)
{   Expression *e;

    econd = econd->optimize(WANTflags | (result & WANTinterpret));
    if (econd->isBool(TRUE))
	e = e1->optimize(result);
    else if (econd->isBool(FALSE))
	e = e2->optimize(result);
    else
    {	e1 = e1->optimize(result);
	e2 = e2->optimize(result);
	e = this;
    }
    return e;
}