--- a/dmd/func.c	Fri Nov 06 21:51:41 2009 +0100
+++ b/dmd/func.c	Fri Nov 06 23:58:01 2009 +0100
@@ -1,3081 +1,3451 @@
-// Compiler implementation of the D programming language
-// Copyright (c) 1999-2008 by Digital Mars
-// All Rights Reserved
-// written by Walter Bright
-// http://www.digitalmars.com
-// License for redistribution is by either the Artistic License
-// in artistic.txt, or the GNU General Public License in gnu.txt.
-// See the included readme.txt for details.
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-
-#include "mars.h"
-#include "init.h"
-#include "declaration.h"
-#include "attrib.h"
-#include "expression.h"
-#include "scope.h"
-#include "mtype.h"
-#include "aggregate.h"
-#include "identifier.h"
-#include "id.h"
-#include "module.h"
-#include "statement.h"
-#include "template.h"
-#include "hdrgen.h"
-
-#ifdef IN_GCC
-#include "d-dmd-gcc.h"
-#endif
-
-/********************************* FuncDeclaration ****************************/
-
-FuncDeclaration::FuncDeclaration(Loc loc, Loc endloc, Identifier *id, enum STC storage_class, Type *type)
-    : Declaration(id)
-{
-    //printf("FuncDeclaration(id = '%s', type = %p)\n", id->toChars(), type);
-    this->storage_class = storage_class;
-    this->type = type;
-    this->loc = loc;
-    this->endloc = endloc;
-    fthrows = NULL;
-    frequire = NULL;
-    outId = NULL;
-    vresult = NULL;
-    returnLabel = NULL;
-    fensure = NULL;
-    fbody = NULL;
-    localsymtab = NULL;
-    vthis = NULL;
-    v_arguments = NULL;
-#if IN_GCC
-    v_argptr = NULL;
-#endif
-    parameters = NULL;
-    labtab = NULL;
-    overnext = NULL;
-    vtblIndex = -1;
-    hasReturnExp = 0;
-    naked = 0;
-    inlineStatus = ILSuninitialized;
-    inlineNest = 0;
-    inlineAsm = 0;
-    cantInterpret = 0;
-    semanticRun = 0;
-    nestedFrameRef = 0;
-    fes = NULL;
-    introducing = 0;
-    tintro = NULL;
-    /* The type given for "infer the return type" is a TypeFunction with
-     * NULL for the return type.
-     */
-    inferRetType = (type && type->nextOf() == NULL);
-    scope = NULL;
-    hasReturnExp = 0;
-    nrvo_can = 1;
-    nrvo_var = NULL;
-#if IN_DMD
-    shidden = NULL;
-#endif
-
-#if IN_LLVM
-    // LDC
-    isArrayOp = false;
-    allowInlining = false;
-
-    availableExternally = true; // assume this unless proven otherwise
-
-    // function types in ldc don't merge if the context parameter differs
-    // so we actually don't care about the function declaration, but only
-    // what kind of context parameter it has.
-    // however, this constructor is usually called from the parser, which
-    // unfortunately doesn't provide the information needed to get to the
-    // aggregate type. So we have to stick with the FuncDeclaration and
-    // just be sure we don't actually rely on the symbol it points to,
-    // but rather just the type of its context parameter.
-    // this means some function might have a function type pointing to
-    // another function declaration
-
-    if (type)
-    {
-        assert(type->ty == Tfunction && "invalid function type");
-        TypeFunction* tf = (TypeFunction*)type;
-        if (tf->funcdecl == NULL)
-            tf->funcdecl = this;
-    }
-#endif
-}
-
-Dsymbol *FuncDeclaration::syntaxCopy(Dsymbol *s)
-{
-    FuncDeclaration *f;
-
-    //printf("FuncDeclaration::syntaxCopy('%s')\n", toChars());
-    if (s)
-	f = (FuncDeclaration *)s;
-    else
-	f = new FuncDeclaration(loc, endloc, ident, (enum STC) storage_class, type->syntaxCopy());
-    f->outId = outId;
-    f->frequire = frequire ? frequire->syntaxCopy() : NULL;
-    f->fensure  = fensure  ? fensure->syntaxCopy()  : NULL;
-    f->fbody    = fbody    ? fbody->syntaxCopy()    : NULL;
-    assert(!fthrows); // deprecated
-
-    // LDC
-    f->intrinsicName = intrinsicName;
-
-    return f;
-}
-
-
-// Do the semantic analysis on the external interface to the function.
-
-void FuncDeclaration::semantic(Scope *sc)
-{   TypeFunction *f;
-    StructDeclaration *sd;
-    ClassDeclaration *cd;
-    InterfaceDeclaration *id;
-    Dsymbol *pd;
-
-#if 0
-    printf("FuncDeclaration::semantic(sc = %p, this = %p, '%s', linkage = %d)\n", sc, this, toPrettyChars(), sc->linkage);
-    if (isFuncLiteralDeclaration())
-	printf("\tFuncLiteralDeclaration()\n");
-    printf("sc->parent = %s\n", sc->parent->toChars());
-    printf("type: %p, %s\n", type, type->toChars());
-#endif
-
-    if (semanticRun && isFuncLiteralDeclaration())
-    {
-	/* Member functions that have return types that are
-	 * forward references can have semantic() run more than
-	 * once on them.
-	 * See test\interface2.d, test20
-	 */
-	return;
-    }
-    assert(semanticRun <= 1);
-    semanticRun = 1;
-
-    if (type->nextOf())
-	type = type->semantic(loc, sc);
-    //type->print();
-    if (type->ty != Tfunction)
-    {
-	error("%s must be a function", toChars());
-	return;
-    }
-    f = (TypeFunction *)(type);
-    size_t nparams = Argument::dim(f->parameters);
-
-    linkage = sc->linkage;
-//    if (!parent)
-    {
-	//parent = sc->scopesym;
-	parent = sc->parent;
-    }
-    protection = sc->protection;
-    storage_class |= sc->stc;
-    //printf("function storage_class = x%x\n", storage_class);
-    Dsymbol *parent = toParent();
-
-    if (ident == Id::ctor && !isCtorDeclaration())
-	error("_ctor is reserved for constructors");
-
-    if (isConst() || isAuto() || isScope())
-	error("functions cannot be const, auto or scope");
-
-    if (isAbstract() && !isVirtual())
-	error("non-virtual functions cannot be abstract");
-
-    if (isAbstract() && isFinal())
-	error("cannot be both final and abstract");
-#if 0
-    if (isAbstract() && fbody)
-	error("abstract functions cannot have bodies");
-#endif
-
-#if 0
-    if (isStaticConstructor() || isStaticDestructor())
-    {
-	if (!isStatic() || type->nextOf()->ty != Tvoid)
-	    error("static constructors / destructors must be static void");
-	if (f->arguments && f->arguments->dim)
-	    error("static constructors / destructors must have empty parameter list");
-	// BUG: check for invalid storage classes
-    }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef IN_GCC
-    AggregateDeclaration *ad;
-
-    ad = parent->isAggregateDeclaration();
-    if (ad)
-	ad->methods.push(this);
-#endif
-    sd = parent->isStructDeclaration();
-    if (sd)
-    {
-	// Verify no constructors, destructors, etc.
-	if (isCtorDeclaration() ||
-	    isDtorDeclaration()
-	    //|| isInvariantDeclaration()
-	    //|| isUnitTestDeclaration()
-	   )
-	{
-	    error("special member functions not allowed for %ss", sd->kind());
-	}
-
-#if 0
-	if (!sd->inv)
-	    sd->inv = isInvariantDeclaration();
-
-	if (!sd->aggNew)
-	    sd->aggNew = isNewDeclaration();
-
-	if (isDelete())
-	{
-	    if (sd->aggDelete)
-		error("multiple delete's for struct %s", sd->toChars());
-	    sd->aggDelete = (DeleteDeclaration *)(this);
-	}
-#endif
-    }
-
-    id = parent->isInterfaceDeclaration();
-    if (id)
-    {
-	storage_class |= STCabstract;
-
-	if (isCtorDeclaration() ||
-	    isDtorDeclaration() ||
-	    isInvariantDeclaration() ||
-	    isUnitTestDeclaration() || isNewDeclaration() || isDelete())
-	    error("special function not allowed in interface %s", id->toChars());
-	if (fbody)
-	    error("function body is not abstract in interface %s", id->toChars());
-    }
-
-    /* Template member functions aren't virtual:
-     *   interface TestInterface { void tpl(T)(); }
-     * and so won't work in interfaces
-     */
-    if ((pd = toParent()) != NULL &&
-	pd->isTemplateInstance() &&
-	(pd = toParent2()) != NULL &&
-	(id = pd->isInterfaceDeclaration()) != NULL)
-    {
-	error("template member function not allowed in interface %s", id->toChars());
-    }
-
-    cd = parent->isClassDeclaration();
-    if (cd)
-    {	int vi;
-	CtorDeclaration *ctor;
-	DtorDeclaration *dtor;
-	InvariantDeclaration *inv;
-
-	if (isCtorDeclaration())
-	{
-//	    ctor = (CtorDeclaration *)this;
-//	    if (!cd->ctor)
-//		cd->ctor = ctor;
-	    return;
-	}
-
-#if 0
-	dtor = isDtorDeclaration();
-	if (dtor)
-	{
-	    if (cd->dtor)
-		error("multiple destructors for class %s", cd->toChars());
-	    cd->dtor = dtor;
-	}
-
-	inv = isInvariantDeclaration();
-	if (inv)
-	{
-	    cd->inv = inv;
-	}
-
-	if (isNewDeclaration())
-	{
-	    if (!cd->aggNew)
-		cd->aggNew = (NewDeclaration *)(this);
-	}
-
-	if (isDelete())
-	{
-	    if (cd->aggDelete)
-		error("multiple delete's for class %s", cd->toChars());
-	    cd->aggDelete = (DeleteDeclaration *)(this);
-	}
-#endif
-
-	if (storage_class & STCabstract)
-	    cd->isabstract = 1;
-
-	// if static function, do not put in vtbl[]
-	if (!isVirtual())
-	{
-	    //printf("\tnot virtual\n");
-	    goto Ldone;
-	}
-
-	// Find index of existing function in vtbl[] to override
-	vi = findVtblIndex(&cd->vtbl, cd->baseClass ? cd->baseClass->vtbl.dim : 0);
-	switch (vi)
-	{
-	    case -1:
-		/* Didn't find one, so
-		 * This is an 'introducing' function which gets a new
-		 * slot in the vtbl[].
-		 */
-
-		// Verify this doesn't override previous final function
-		if (cd->baseClass)
-		{   Dsymbol *s = cd->baseClass->search(loc, ident, 0);
-		    if (s)
-		    {
-			FuncDeclaration *f = s->isFuncDeclaration();
-			f = f->overloadExactMatch(type, getModule());
-			if (f && f->isFinal() && f->prot() != PROTprivate)
-			    error("cannot override final function %s", f->toPrettyChars());
-		    }
-		}
-
-		if (isFinal())
-		{
-		    if (isOverride())
-			error("does not override any function");
-		    cd->vtblFinal.push(this);
-		}
-		else
-		{
-		    // Append to end of vtbl[]
-		    //printf("\tintroducing function\n");
-		    introducing = 1;
-		    vi = cd->vtbl.dim;
-		    cd->vtbl.push(this);
-		    vtblIndex = vi;
-		}
-		break;
-
-	    case -2:	// can't determine because of fwd refs
-		cd->sizeok = 2;	// can't finish due to forward reference
-		return;
-
-	    default:
-	    {   FuncDeclaration *fdv = (FuncDeclaration *)cd->vtbl.data[vi];
-		// This function is covariant with fdv
-		if (fdv->isFinal())
-		    error("cannot override final function %s", fdv->toPrettyChars());
-
-#if DMDV2
-		if (!isOverride())
-		    warning(loc, "overrides base class function %s, but is not marked with 'override'", fdv->toPrettyChars());
-#endif
-
-		if (fdv->toParent() == parent)
-		{
-		    // If both are mixins, then error.
-		    // If either is not, the one that is not overrides
-		    // the other.
-		    if (fdv->parent->isClassDeclaration())
-			break;
-		    if (!this->parent->isClassDeclaration()
-#if !BREAKABI
-			&& !isDtorDeclaration()
-#endif
-#if DMDV2
-			&& !isPostBlitDeclaration()
-#endif
-			)
-			error("multiple overrides of same function");
-		}
-		cd->vtbl.data[vi] = (void *)this;
-		vtblIndex = vi;
-
-		/* This works by whenever this function is called,
-		 * it actually returns tintro, which gets dynamically
-		 * cast to type. But we know that tintro is a base
-		 * of type, so we could optimize it by not doing a
-		 * dynamic cast, but just subtracting the isBaseOf()
-		 * offset if the value is != null.
-		 */
-
-		if (fdv->tintro)
-		    tintro = fdv->tintro;
-		else if (!type->equals(fdv->type))
-		{
-		    /* Only need to have a tintro if the vptr
-		     * offsets differ
-		     */
-		    int offset;
-		    if (fdv->type->nextOf()->isBaseOf(type->nextOf(), &offset))
-		    {
-			tintro = fdv->type;
-		    }
-		}
-		break;
-	    }
-	}
-
-	/* Go through all the interface bases.
-	 * If this function is covariant with any members of those interface
-	 * functions, set the tintro.
-	 */
-	for (int i = 0; i < cd->interfaces_dim; i++)
-	{
-#if 1
-	    BaseClass *b = cd->interfaces[i];
-	    vi = findVtblIndex(&b->base->vtbl, b->base->vtbl.dim);
-	    switch (vi)
-	    {
-		case -1:
-		    break;
-
-		case -2:
-		    cd->sizeok = 2;	// can't finish due to forward reference
-		    return;
-
-		default:
-		{   FuncDeclaration *fdv = (FuncDeclaration *)b->base->vtbl.data[vi];
-		    Type *ti = NULL;
-
-		    if (fdv->tintro)
-			ti = fdv->tintro;
-		    else if (!type->equals(fdv->type))
-		    {
-			/* Only need to have a tintro if the vptr
-			 * offsets differ
-			 */
-			int offset;
-			if (fdv->type->nextOf()->isBaseOf(type->nextOf(), &offset))
-			{
-			    ti = fdv->type;
-#if 0
-			    if (offset)
-				ti = fdv->type;
-			    else if (type->nextOf()->ty == Tclass)
-			    {   ClassDeclaration *cdn = ((TypeClass *)type->nextOf())->sym;
-				if (cdn && cdn->sizeok != 1)
-				    ti = fdv->type;
-			    }
-#endif
-			}
-		    }
-		    if (ti)
-		    {
-			if (tintro && !tintro->equals(ti))
-			{
-			    error("incompatible covariant types %s and %s", tintro->toChars(), ti->toChars());
-			}
-			tintro = ti;
-		    }
-		    goto L2;
-		}
-	    }
-#else
-	    BaseClass *b = cd->interfaces[i];
-	    for (vi = 0; vi < b->base->vtbl.dim; vi++)
-	    {
-		Dsymbol *s = (Dsymbol *)b->base->vtbl.data[vi];
-		//printf("interface %d vtbl[%d] %p %s\n", i, vi, s, s->toChars());
-		FuncDeclaration *fdv = s->isFuncDeclaration();
-		if (fdv && fdv->ident == ident)
-		{
-		    int cov = type->covariant(fdv->type);
-		    //printf("\tcov = %d\n", cov);
-		    if (cov == 2)
-		    {
-			//type->print();
-			//fdv->type->print();
-			//printf("%s %s\n", type->deco, fdv->type->deco);
-			error("of type %s overrides but is not covariant with %s of type %s",
-			    type->toChars(), fdv->toPrettyChars(), fdv->type->toChars());
-		    }
-		    if (cov == 1)
-		    {	Type *ti = NULL;
-
-			if (fdv->tintro)
-			    ti = fdv->tintro;
-			else if (!type->equals(fdv->type))
-			{
-			    /* Only need to have a tintro if the vptr
-			     * offsets differ
-			     */
-			    int offset;
-			    if (fdv->type->nextOf()->isBaseOf(type->nextOf(), &offset))
-			    {
-				ti = fdv->type;
-#if 0
-				if (offset)
-				    ti = fdv->type;
-				else if (type->nextOf()->ty == Tclass)
-				{   ClassDeclaration *cdn = ((TypeClass *)type->nextOf())->sym;
-				    if (cdn && cdn->sizeok != 1)
-					ti = fdv->type;
-				}
-#endif
-			    }
-			}
-			if (ti)
-			{
-			    if (tintro && !tintro->equals(ti))
-			    {
-				error("incompatible covariant types %s and %s", tintro->toChars(), ti->toChars());
-			    }
-			    tintro = ti;
-			}
-			goto L2;
-		    }
-		    if (cov == 3)
-		    {
-			cd->sizeok = 2;	// can't finish due to forward reference
-			return;
-		    }
-		}
-	    }
-#endif
-	}
-
-	if (introducing && isOverride())
-	{
-	    error("does not override any function");
-	}
-
-    L2: ;
-    }
-    else if (isOverride() && !parent->isTemplateInstance())
-	error("override only applies to class member functions");
-
-    /* Do not allow template instances to add virtual functions
-     * to a class.
-     */
-    if (isVirtual())
-    {
-	TemplateInstance *ti = parent->isTemplateInstance();
-	if (ti)
-	{
-	    // Take care of nested templates
-	    while (1)
-	    {
-		TemplateInstance *ti2 = ti->tempdecl->parent->isTemplateInstance();
-		if (!ti2)
-		    break;
-		ti = ti2;
-	    }
-
-	    // If it's a member template
-	    ClassDeclaration *cd = ti->tempdecl->isClassMember();
-	    if (cd)
-	    {
-		error("cannot use template to add virtual function to class '%s'", cd->toChars());
-	    }
-	}
-    }
-
-    if (isMain())
-    {
-	// Check parameters to see if they are either () or (char[][] args)
-	switch (nparams)
-	{
-	    case 0:
-		break;
-
-	    case 1:
-	    {
-		Argument *arg0 = Argument::getNth(f->parameters, 0);
-		if (arg0->type->ty != Tarray ||
-		    arg0->type->nextOf()->ty != Tarray ||
-		    arg0->type->nextOf()->nextOf()->ty != Tchar ||
-		    arg0->storageClass & (STCout | STCref | STClazy))
-		    goto Lmainerr;
-		break;
-	    }
-
-	    default:
-		goto Lmainerr;
-	}
-
-	if (f->nextOf()->ty != Tint32 && f->nextOf()->ty != Tvoid)
-	    error("must return int or void, not %s", f->nextOf()->toChars());
-	if (f->varargs)
-	{
-	Lmainerr:
-	    error("parameters must be main() or main(char[][] args)");
-	}
-    }
-
-    if (ident == Id::assign && (sd || cd))
-    {	// Disallow identity assignment operator.
-
-	// opAssign(...)
-	if (nparams == 0)
-	{   if (f->varargs == 1)
-		goto Lassignerr;
-	}
-	else
-	{
-	    Argument *arg0 = Argument::getNth(f->parameters, 0);
-	    Type *t0 = arg0->type->toBasetype();
-	    Type *tb = sd ? sd->type : cd->type;
-	    if (arg0->type->implicitConvTo(tb) ||
-		(sd && t0->ty == Tpointer && t0->nextOf()->implicitConvTo(tb))
-	       )
-	    {
-		if (nparams == 1)
-		    goto Lassignerr;
-		Argument *arg1 = Argument::getNth(f->parameters, 1);
-		if (arg1->defaultArg)
-		    goto Lassignerr;
-	    }
-	}
-    }
-
-Ldone:
-    /* Save scope for possible later use (if we need the
-     * function internals)
-     */
-    scope = new Scope(*sc);
-    scope->setNoFree();
-    return;
-
-Lassignerr:
-    error("identity assignment operator overload is illegal");
-}
-
-void FuncDeclaration::semantic2(Scope *sc)
-{
-}
-
-// Do the semantic analysis on the internals of the function.
-
-void FuncDeclaration::semantic3(Scope *sc)
-{   TypeFunction *f;
-    AggregateDeclaration *ad;
-    VarDeclaration *argptr = NULL;
-    VarDeclaration *_arguments = NULL;
-
-    if (!parent)
-    {
-	if (global.errors)
-	    return;
-	//printf("FuncDeclaration::semantic3(%s '%s', sc = %p)\n", kind(), toChars(), sc);
-	assert(0);
-    }
-    //printf("FuncDeclaration::semantic3('%s.%s', sc = %p, loc = %s)\n", parent->toChars(), toChars(), sc, loc.toChars());
-    //fflush(stdout);
-    //{ static int x; if (++x == 2) *(char*)0=0; }
-    //printf("\tlinkage = %d\n", sc->linkage);
-
-    //printf(" sc->incontract = %d\n", sc->incontract);
-    if (semanticRun >= 3)
-	return;
-    semanticRun = 3;
-
-    // LDC
-    if (!global.params.useAvailableExternally)
-        availableExternally = false;
-
-    if (!type || type->ty != Tfunction)
-	return;
-    f = (TypeFunction *)(type);
-    size_t nparams = Argument::dim(f->parameters);
-
-    // Check the 'throws' clause
-    if (fthrows)
-    {
-	for (int i = 0; i < fthrows->dim; i++)
-	{
-	    Type *t = (Type *)fthrows->data[i];
-
-	    t = t->semantic(loc, sc);
-	    if (!t->isClassHandle())
-		error("can only throw classes, not %s", t->toChars());
-	}
-    }
-
-    if (fbody || frequire)
-    {
-	/* Symbol table into which we place parameters and nested functions,
-	 * solely to diagnose name collisions.
-	 */
-	localsymtab = new DsymbolTable();
-
-	// Establish function scope
-	ScopeDsymbol *ss = new ScopeDsymbol();
-	ss->parent = sc->scopesym;
-	Scope *sc2 = sc->push(ss);
-	sc2->func = this;
-	sc2->parent = this;
-	sc2->callSuper = 0;
-	sc2->sbreak = NULL;
-	sc2->scontinue = NULL;
-	sc2->sw = NULL;
-	sc2->fes = fes;
-	sc2->linkage = LINKd;
-	sc2->stc &= ~(STCauto | STCscope | STCstatic | STCabstract | STCdeprecated | STCfinal);
-	sc2->protection = PROTpublic;
-	sc2->explicitProtection = 0;
-	sc2->structalign = 8;
-	sc2->incontract = 0;
-	sc2->enclosingFinally = NULL;
-	sc2->enclosingScopeExit = NULL;
-	sc2->noctor = 0;
-
-	// Declare 'this'
-	ad = isThis();
-	if (ad)
-	{   VarDeclaration *v;
-
-	    if (isFuncLiteralDeclaration() && isNested())
-	    {
-		error("literals cannot be class members");
-		return;
-	    }
-	    else
-	    {
-		assert(!isNested());	// can't be both member and nested
-		assert(ad->handle);
-		v = new ThisDeclaration(loc, ad->handle);
-		v->storage_class |= STCparameter | STCin;
-		v->semantic(sc2);
-		if (!sc2->insert(v))
-		    assert(0);
-		v->parent = this;
-		vthis = v;
-	    }
-	}
-	else if (isNested())
-	{
-	    /* The 'this' for a nested function is the link to the
-	     * enclosing function's stack frame.
-	     * Note that nested functions and member functions are disjoint.
-	     */
-	    VarDeclaration *v = new ThisDeclaration(loc, Type::tvoid->pointerTo());
-	    v->storage_class |= STCparameter | STCin;
-	    v->semantic(sc2);
-	    if (!sc2->insert(v))
-		assert(0);
-	    v->parent = this;
-	    vthis = v;
-	}
-
-	// Declare hidden variable _arguments[] and _argptr
-	if (f->varargs == 1)
-	{   Type *t;
-
-	    if (f->linkage == LINKd)
-	    {	// Declare _arguments[]
-#if BREAKABI
-		v_arguments = new VarDeclaration(0, Type::typeinfotypelist->type, Id::_arguments_typeinfo, NULL);
-		v_arguments->storage_class = STCparameter | STCin;
-		v_arguments->semantic(sc2);
-		sc2->insert(v_arguments);
-		v_arguments->parent = this;
-
-		t = Type::typeinfo->type->arrayOf();
-		_arguments = new VarDeclaration(0, t, Id::_arguments, NULL);
-		_arguments->semantic(sc2);
-		sc2->insert(_arguments);
-		_arguments->parent = this;
-#else
-		t = Type::typeinfo->type->arrayOf();
-		v_arguments = new VarDeclaration(0, t, Id::_arguments, NULL);
-		v_arguments->storage_class = STCparameter | STCin;
-		v_arguments->semantic(sc2);
-		sc2->insert(v_arguments);
-		v_arguments->parent = this;
-#endif
-	    }
-	    if (f->linkage == LINKd || (parameters && parameters->dim))
-	    {	// Declare _argptr
-#if IN_GCC
-		t = d_gcc_builtin_va_list_d_type;
-#else
-		t = Type::tvoid->pointerTo();
-#endif
-		argptr = new VarDeclaration(0, t, Id::_argptr, NULL);
-		argptr->semantic(sc2);
-		sc2->insert(argptr);
-		argptr->parent = this;
-	    }
-	}
-
-#if IN_LLVM
-        // LDC make sure argument type is semanticed.
-        // Turns TypeTuple!(int, int) into two int parameters, for instance.
-        if (f->parameters)
-        {
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < Argument::dim(f->parameters); i++)
-	    {	Argument *arg = (Argument *)Argument::getNth(f->parameters, i);
-                Type* nw = arg->type->semantic(0, sc);
-                if (arg->type != nw) {
-                    arg->type = nw;
-                    // Examine this index again.
-                    // This is important if it turned into a tuple.
-                    // In particular, the empty tuple should be handled or the
-                    // next parameter will be skipped.
-                    // FIXME: Maybe we only need to do this for tuples,
-                    //        and can add tuple.length after decrement?
-                    i--;
-                }
-            }
-            // update nparams to include expanded tuples
-            nparams = Argument::dim(f->parameters);
-        }
-#endif
-
-	// Propagate storage class from tuple parameters to their element-parameters.
-	if (f->parameters)
-	{
-	    for (size_t i = 0; i < f->parameters->dim; i++)
-	    {	Argument *arg = (Argument *)f->parameters->data[i];
-
-		if (arg->type->ty == Ttuple)
-		{   TypeTuple *t = (TypeTuple *)arg->type;
-		    size_t dim = Argument::dim(t->arguments);
-		    for (size_t j = 0; j < dim; j++)
-		    {	Argument *narg = Argument::getNth(t->arguments, j);
-			narg->storageClass = arg->storageClass;
-		    }
-		}
-	    }
-	}
-
-	// Declare all the function parameters as variables
-	if (nparams)
-	{   /* parameters[] has all the tuples removed, as the back end
-	     * doesn't know about tuples
-	     */
-	    parameters = new Dsymbols();
-	    parameters->reserve(nparams);
-	    for (size_t i = 0; i < nparams; i++)
-	    {
-		Argument *arg = Argument::getNth(f->parameters, i);
-		Identifier *id = arg->ident;
-		if (!id)
-		{
-		    /* Generate identifier for un-named parameter,
-		     * because we need it later on.
-		     */
-		    arg->ident = id = Identifier::generateId("_param_", i);
-		}
-		VarDeclaration *v = new VarDeclaration(loc, arg->type, id, NULL);
-		//printf("declaring parameter %s of type %s\n", v->toChars(), v->type->toChars());
-		v->storage_class |= STCparameter;
-		if (f->varargs == 2 && i + 1 == nparams)
-		    v->storage_class |= STCvariadic;
-		v->storage_class |= arg->storageClass & (STCin | STCout | STCref | STClazy);
-		if (v->storage_class & STClazy)
-		    v->storage_class |= STCin;
-		v->semantic(sc2);
-		if (!sc2->insert(v))
-		    error("parameter %s.%s is already defined", toChars(), v->toChars());
-		else
-		    parameters->push(v);
-		localsymtab->insert(v);
-		v->parent = this;
-	    }
-	}
-
-	// Declare the tuple symbols and put them in the symbol table,
-	// but not in parameters[].
-	if (f->parameters)
-	{
-	    for (size_t i = 0; i < f->parameters->dim; i++)
-	    {	Argument *arg = (Argument *)f->parameters->data[i];
-
-		if (!arg->ident)
-		    continue;			// never used, so ignore
-		if (arg->type->ty == Ttuple)
-		{   TypeTuple *t = (TypeTuple *)arg->type;
-		    size_t dim = Argument::dim(t->arguments);
-		    Objects *exps = new Objects();
-		    exps->setDim(dim);
-		    for (size_t j = 0; j < dim; j++)
-		    {	Argument *narg = Argument::getNth(t->arguments, j);
-			assert(narg->ident);
-			VarDeclaration *v = sc2->search(0, narg->ident, NULL)->isVarDeclaration();
-			assert(v);
-			Expression *e = new VarExp(v->loc, v);
-			exps->data[j] = (void *)e;
-		    }
-		    assert(arg->ident);
-		    TupleDeclaration *v = new TupleDeclaration(loc, arg->ident, exps);
-		    //printf("declaring tuple %s\n", v->toChars());
-		    v->isexp = 1;
-		    if (!sc2->insert(v))
-			error("parameter %s.%s is already defined", toChars(), v->toChars());
-		    localsymtab->insert(v);
-		    v->parent = this;
-		}
-	    }
-	}
-
-	/* Do the semantic analysis on the [in] preconditions and
-	 * [out] postconditions.
-	 */
-	sc2->incontract++;
-
-	if (frequire)
-	{   /* frequire is composed of the [in] contracts
-	     */
-	    // BUG: need to error if accessing out parameters
-	    // BUG: need to treat parameters as const
-	    // BUG: need to disallow returns and throws
-	    // BUG: verify that all in and ref parameters are read
-	    frequire = frequire->semantic(sc2);
-	    labtab = NULL;		// so body can't refer to labels
-	}
-
-	if (fensure || addPostInvariant())
-	{   /* fensure is composed of the [out] contracts
-	     */
-	    ScopeDsymbol *sym = new ScopeDsymbol();
-	    sym->parent = sc2->scopesym;
-	    sc2 = sc2->push(sym);
-
-	    assert(type->nextOf());
-	    if (type->nextOf()->ty == Tvoid)
-	    {
-		if (outId)
-		    error("void functions have no result");
-	    }
-	    else
-	    {
-		if (!outId)
-		    outId = Id::result;		// provide a default
-	    }
-
-	    if (outId)
-	    {	// Declare result variable
-		VarDeclaration *v;
-		Loc loc = this->loc;
-
-		if (fensure)
-		    loc = fensure->loc;
-
-		v = new VarDeclaration(loc, type->nextOf(), outId, NULL);
-		v->noscope = 1;
-		sc2->incontract--;
-		v->semantic(sc2);
-		sc2->incontract++;
-		if (!sc2->insert(v))
-		    error("out result %s is already defined", v->toChars());
-		v->parent = this;
-		vresult = v;
-
-		// vresult gets initialized with the function return value
-		// in ReturnStatement::semantic()
-	    }
-
-	    // BUG: need to treat parameters as const
-	    // BUG: need to disallow returns and throws
-	    if (fensure)
-	    {	fensure = fensure->semantic(sc2);
-		labtab = NULL;		// so body can't refer to labels
-	    }
-
-	    if (!global.params.useOut)
-	    {	fensure = NULL;		// discard
-		vresult = NULL;
-	    }
-
-	    // Postcondition invariant
-	    if (addPostInvariant())
-	    {
-		Expression *e = NULL;
-		if (isCtorDeclaration())
-		{
-		    // Call invariant directly only if it exists
-		    InvariantDeclaration *inv = ad->inv;
-		    ClassDeclaration *cd = ad->isClassDeclaration();
-
-		    while (!inv && cd)
-		    {
-			cd = cd->baseClass;
-			if (!cd)
-			    break;
-			inv = cd->inv;
-		    }
-		    if (inv)
-		    {
-			e = new DsymbolExp(0, inv);
-			e = new CallExp(0, e);
-			e = e->semantic(sc2);
-		    }
-		}
-		else
-		{   // Call invariant virtually
-		    ThisExp *v = new ThisExp(0);
-		    v->type = vthis->type;
-		    e = new AssertExp(0, v);
-		}
-		if (e)
-		{
-		    ExpStatement *s = new ExpStatement(0, e);
-		    if (fensure)
-			fensure = new CompoundStatement(0, s, fensure);
-		    else
-			fensure = s;
-		}
-	    }
-
-	    if (fensure)
-	    {	returnLabel = new LabelDsymbol(Id::returnLabel);
-		LabelStatement *ls = new LabelStatement(0, Id::returnLabel, fensure);
-		ls->isReturnLabel = 1;
-		returnLabel->statement = ls;
-	    }
-	    sc2 = sc2->pop();
-	}
-
-	sc2->incontract--;
-
-	if (fbody)
-	{   ClassDeclaration *cd = isClassMember();
-
-	    /* If this is a class constructor
-	     */
-	    if (isCtorDeclaration() && cd)
-	    {
-		for (int i = 0; i < cd->fields.dim; i++)
-		{   VarDeclaration *v = (VarDeclaration *)cd->fields.data[i];
-
-		    v->ctorinit = 0;
-		}
-	    }
-
-	    if (inferRetType || f->retStyle() != RETstack)
-		nrvo_can = 0;
-
-	    fbody = fbody->semantic(sc2);
-
-	    if (inferRetType)
-	    {	// If no return type inferred yet, then infer a void
-		if (!type->nextOf())
-		{
-		    ((TypeFunction *)type)->next = Type::tvoid;
-		    type = type->semantic(loc, sc);
-		}
-		f = (TypeFunction *)type;
-	    }
-
-	    int offend = fbody ? fbody->blockExit() & BEfallthru : TRUE;
-
-	    if (isStaticCtorDeclaration())
-	    {	/* It's a static constructor. Ensure that all
-		 * ctor consts were initialized.
-		 */
-
-		Dsymbol *p = toParent();
-		ScopeDsymbol *ad = p->isScopeDsymbol();
-		if (!ad)
-		{
-		    error("static constructor can only be member of struct/class/module, not %s %s", p->kind(), p->toChars());
-		}
-		else
-		{
-		    for (int i = 0; i < ad->members->dim; i++)
-		    {   Dsymbol *s = (Dsymbol *)ad->members->data[i];
-
-			s->checkCtorConstInit();
-		    }
-		}
-	    }
-
-	    if (isCtorDeclaration() && cd)
-	    {
-		//printf("callSuper = x%x\n", sc2->callSuper);
-
-		// Verify that all the ctorinit fields got initialized
-		if (!(sc2->callSuper & CSXthis_ctor))
-		{
-		    for (int i = 0; i < cd->fields.dim; i++)
-		    {   VarDeclaration *v = (VarDeclaration *)cd->fields.data[i];
-
-			if (v->ctorinit == 0 && v->isCtorinit())
-			    error("missing initializer for const field %s", v->toChars());
-		    }
-		}
-
-		if (!(sc2->callSuper & CSXany_ctor) &&
-		    cd->baseClass && cd->baseClass->ctor)
-		{
-		    sc2->callSuper = 0;
-
-		    // Insert implicit super() at start of fbody
-		    Expression *e1 = new SuperExp(0);
-		    Expression *e = new CallExp(0, e1);
-
-		    unsigned errors = global.errors;
-		    global.gag++;
-		    e = e->semantic(sc2);
-		    global.gag--;
-		    if (errors != global.errors)
-			error("no match for implicit super() call in constructor");
-
-		    Statement *s = new ExpStatement(0, e);
-		    fbody = new CompoundStatement(0, s, fbody);
-		}
-	    }
-	    else if (fes)
-	    {	// For foreach(){} body, append a return 0;
-		Expression *e = new IntegerExp(0);
-		Statement *s = new ReturnStatement(0, e);
-		fbody = new CompoundStatement(0, fbody, s);
-		assert(!returnLabel);
-	    }
-	    else if (!hasReturnExp && type->nextOf()->ty != Tvoid)
-		error("expected to return a value of type %s", type->nextOf()->toChars());
-	    else if (!inlineAsm)
-	    {
-		if (type->nextOf()->ty == Tvoid)
-		{
-		    if (offend && isMain())
-		    {	// Add a return 0; statement
-			Statement *s = new ReturnStatement(0, new IntegerExp(0));
-			fbody = new CompoundStatement(0, fbody, s);
-		    }
-		}
-		else
-		{
-		    if (offend)
-		    {   Expression *e;
-
-			warning(loc, "no return at end of function");
-
-			if (global.params.useAssert &&
-			    !global.params.useInline)
-			{   /* Add an assert(0, msg); where the missing return
-			     * should be.
-			     */
-			    e = new AssertExp(
-				  endloc,
-				  new IntegerExp(0),
-				  new StringExp(loc, (char *)"missing return expression")
-				);
-			}
-			else
-			    e = new HaltExp(endloc);
-			e = new CommaExp(0, e, type->nextOf()->defaultInit());
-			e = e->semantic(sc2);
-			Statement *s = new ExpStatement(0, e);
-			fbody = new CompoundStatement(0, fbody, s);
-		    }
-		}
-	    }
-	}
-
-	{
-	    Statements *a = new Statements();
-
-	    // Merge in initialization of 'out' parameters
-	    if (parameters)
-	    {	for (size_t i = 0; i < parameters->dim; i++)
-		{
-		    VarDeclaration *v = (VarDeclaration *)parameters->data[i];
-		    if (v->storage_class & STCout)
-		    {
-			assert(v->init);
-			ExpInitializer *ie = v->init->isExpInitializer();
-			assert(ie);
-			a->push(new ExpStatement(0, ie->exp));
-		    }
-		}
-	    }
-
-// we'll handle variadics ourselves
-#if !IN_LLVM
-	    if (argptr)
-	    {	// Initialize _argptr to point past non-variadic arg
-#if IN_GCC
-		// Handled in FuncDeclaration::toObjFile
-		v_argptr = argptr;
-		v_argptr->init = new VoidInitializer(loc);
-#else
-		Expression *e1;
-		Expression *e;
-		Type *t = argptr->type;
-		VarDeclaration *p;
-		unsigned offset;
-
-		e1 = new VarExp(0, argptr);
-		if (parameters && parameters->dim)
-		    p = (VarDeclaration *)parameters->data[parameters->dim - 1];
-		else
-		    p = v_arguments;		// last parameter is _arguments[]
-		offset = p->type->size();
-		offset = (offset + 3) & ~3;	// assume stack aligns on 4
-		e = new SymOffExp(0, p, offset);
-		e = new AssignExp(0, e1, e);
-		e->type = t;
-		a->push(new ExpStatement(0, e));
-#endif // IN_GCC
-	    }
-
-	    if (_arguments)
-	    {
-		/* Advance to elements[] member of TypeInfo_Tuple with:
-		 *  _arguments = v_arguments.elements;
-		 */
-		Expression *e = new VarExp(0, v_arguments);
-		e = new DotIdExp(0, e, Id::elements);
-		Expression *e1 = new VarExp(0, _arguments);
-		e = new AssignExp(0, e1, e);
-		e = e->semantic(sc);
-		a->push(new ExpStatement(0, e));
-	    }
-
-#endif // !IN_LLVM
-
-	    // Merge contracts together with body into one compound statement
-
-#ifdef _DH
-	    if (frequire && global.params.useIn)
-	    {	frequire->incontract = 1;
-		a->push(frequire);
-	    }
-#else
-	    if (frequire && global.params.useIn)
-		a->push(frequire);
-#endif
-
-	    // Precondition invariant
-	    if (addPreInvariant())
-	    {
-		Expression *e = NULL;
-                Expression *ee = NULL;
-		if (isDtorDeclaration())
-		{
-		    // Call invariant directly only if it exists
-		    InvariantDeclaration *inv = ad->inv;
-		    ClassDeclaration *cd = ad->isClassDeclaration();
-
-		    while (!inv && cd)
-		    {
-			cd = cd->baseClass;
-			if (!cd)
-			    break;
-			inv = cd->inv;
-		    }
-		    if (inv)
-		    {
-			e = new DsymbolExp(0, inv);
-			e = new CallExp(0, e);
-			e = e->semantic(sc2);
-		    }
-		}
-		else
-		{   // Call invariant virtually
-                    // LDC: unless this is a struct without invariant
-                    StructDeclaration* sd = ad->isStructDeclaration();
-                    if (!sd || sd->inv)
-                    {
-                        ThisExp *v = new ThisExp(0);
-                        v->type = vthis->type;
-                        e = new AssertExp(loc, v, NULL);
-                    }
-
-                    // LDC: check for null this
-                    ThisExp* v = new ThisExp(0);
-                    v->type = vthis->type;
-                    v->var = vthis;
-
-                    NullExp *nv = new NullExp(0);
-                    nv->type = v->type;
-
-                    IdentityExp *ie = new IdentityExp(TOKnotidentity, 0, v, nv);
-                    ie->type = Type::tbool;
-
-		    Expression *se = new StringExp(0, (char *)"null this");
-		    se = se->semantic(sc);
-		    se->type = Type::tchar->arrayOf();
-
-		    ee = new AssertExp(loc, ie, se);
-		}
-                if (ee)
-                {
-                    ExpStatement *s = new ExpStatement(0, ee);
-                    a->push(s);
-                }
-		if (e)
-		{
-		    ExpStatement *s = new ExpStatement(0, e);
-		    a->push(s);
-		}
-	    }
-
-	    if (fbody)
-		a->push(fbody);
-
-	    if (fensure)
-	    {
-		a->push(returnLabel->statement);
-
-		if (type->nextOf()->ty != Tvoid)
-		{
-		    // Create: return vresult;
-		    assert(vresult);
-		    Expression *e = new VarExp(0, vresult);
-		    if (tintro)
-		    {	e = e->implicitCastTo(sc, tintro->nextOf());
-			e = e->semantic(sc);
-		    }
-		    ReturnStatement *s = new ReturnStatement(0, e);
-		    a->push(s);
-		}
-	    }
-
-	    fbody = new CompoundStatement(0, a);
-
-	    // wrap body of synchronized functions in a synchronized statement
-	    if (isSynchronized())
-	    {
-		ClassDeclaration *cd = parent->isClassDeclaration();
-		if (!cd)
-		    error("synchronized function %s must be a member of a class", toChars());
-		    
-		Expression *sync;
-		if (isStatic())
-		{
-		    // static member functions synchronize on classinfo 
-		    sync = cd->type->dotExp(sc2, new TypeExp(loc, cd->type), Id::classinfo);
-		}
-		else
-		{
-		    // non-static member functions synchronize on this
-		    sync = new VarExp(loc, vthis);
-		}
-                
-		// we do not want to rerun semantics on the whole function, so we
-		// manually adjust all labels in the function that currently don't
-		// have an enclosingScopeExit to use the new SynchronizedStatement
-		SynchronizedStatement* s = new SynchronizedStatement(loc, sync, NULL);
-		s->semantic(sc2);
-		s->body = fbody;
-		
-		// LDC
-		LabelMap::iterator it, end = labmap.end();
-		for (it = labmap.begin(); it != end; ++it)
-		    if (it->second->enclosingScopeExit == NULL)
-			it->second->enclosingScopeExit = s;
-		
-		a = new Statements;
-		a->push(s);
-		fbody = new CompoundStatement(0, a);
-	    }
-	}
-
-	sc2->callSuper = 0;
-	sc2->pop();
-    }
-    semanticRun = 4;
-}
-
-void FuncDeclaration::toCBuffer(OutBuffer *buf, HdrGenState *hgs)
-{
-    //printf("FuncDeclaration::toCBuffer() '%s'\n", toChars());
-
-    type->toCBuffer(buf, ident, hgs);
-    bodyToCBuffer(buf, hgs);
-}
-
-
-void FuncDeclaration::bodyToCBuffer(OutBuffer *buf, HdrGenState *hgs)
-{
-    if (fbody &&
-	(!hgs->hdrgen || hgs->tpltMember || canInline(1,1))
-       )
-    {	buf->writenl();
-
-	// in{}
-	if (frequire)
-	{   buf->writestring("in");
-	    buf->writenl();
-	    frequire->toCBuffer(buf, hgs);
-	}
-
-	// out{}
-	if (fensure)
-	{   buf->writestring("out");
-	    if (outId)
-	    {   buf->writebyte('(');
-		buf->writestring(outId->toChars());
-		buf->writebyte(')');
-	    }
-	    buf->writenl();
-	    fensure->toCBuffer(buf, hgs);
-	}
-
-        if (frequire || fensure)
-	{   buf->writestring("body");
-	    buf->writenl();
-	}
-
-	buf->writebyte('{');
-	buf->writenl();
-	fbody->toCBuffer(buf, hgs);
-	buf->writebyte('}');
-	buf->writenl();
-    }
-    else
-    {	buf->writeByte(';');
-	buf->writenl();
-    }
-}
-
-/****************************************************
- * Determine if 'this' overrides fd.
- * Return !=0 if it does.
- */
-
-int FuncDeclaration::overrides(FuncDeclaration *fd)
-{   int result = 0;
-
-    if (fd->ident == ident)
-    {
-	int cov = type->covariant(fd->type);
-	if (cov)
-	{   ClassDeclaration *cd1 = toParent()->isClassDeclaration();
-	    ClassDeclaration *cd2 = fd->toParent()->isClassDeclaration();
-
-	    if (cd1 && cd2 && cd2->isBaseOf(cd1, NULL))
-		result = 1;
-	}
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-/*************************************************
- * Find index of function in vtbl[0..dim] that
- * this function overrides.
- * Returns:
- *	-1	didn't find one
- *	-2	can't determine because of forward references
- */
-
-int FuncDeclaration::findVtblIndex(Array *vtbl, int dim)
-{
-    for (int vi = 0; vi < dim; vi++)
-    {
-	FuncDeclaration *fdv = ((Dsymbol *)vtbl->data[vi])->isFuncDeclaration();
-	if (fdv && fdv->ident == ident)
-	{
-	    int cov = type->covariant(fdv->type);
-	    //printf("\tbaseclass cov = %d\n", cov);
-	    switch (cov)
-	    {
-		case 0:		// types are distinct
-		    break;
-
-		case 1:
-		    return vi;
-
-		case 2:
-		    //type->print();
-		    //fdv->type->print();
-		    //printf("%s %s\n", type->deco, fdv->type->deco);
-		    error("of type %s overrides but is not covariant with %s of type %s",
-			type->toChars(), fdv->toPrettyChars(), fdv->type->toChars());
-		    break;
-
-		case 3:
-		    return -2;	// forward references
-
-		default:
-		    assert(0);
-	    }
-	}
-    }
-    return -1;
-}
-
-/****************************************************
- * Overload this FuncDeclaration with the new one f.
- * Return !=0 if successful; i.e. no conflict.
- */
-
-int FuncDeclaration::overloadInsert(Dsymbol *s)
-{
-    FuncDeclaration *f;
-    AliasDeclaration *a;
-
-    //printf("FuncDeclaration::overloadInsert(%s)\n", s->toChars());
-    a = s->isAliasDeclaration();
-    if (a)
-    {
-	if (overnext)
-	    return overnext->overloadInsert(a);
-	if (!a->aliassym && a->type->ty != Tident && a->type->ty != Tinstance)
-	{
-	    //printf("\ta = '%s'\n", a->type->toChars());
-	    return FALSE;
-	}
-	overnext = a;
-	//printf("\ttrue: no conflict\n");
-	return TRUE;
-    }
-    f = s->isFuncDeclaration();
-    if (!f)
-	return FALSE;
-
-    if (type && f->type &&	// can be NULL for overloaded constructors
-	f->type->covariant(type) &&
-	!isFuncAliasDeclaration())
-    {
-	//printf("\tfalse: conflict %s\n", kind());
-	return FALSE;
-    }
-
-    if (overnext)
-	return overnext->overloadInsert(f);
-    overnext = f;
-    //printf("\ttrue: no conflict\n");
-    return TRUE;
-}
-
-/********************************************
- * Find function in overload list that exactly matches t.
- */
-
-/***************************************************
- * Visit each overloaded function in turn, and call
- * (*fp)(param, f) on it.
- * Exit when no more, or (*fp)(param, f) returns 1.
- * Returns:
- *	0	continue
- *	1	done
- */
-
-int overloadApply(Module* from, FuncDeclaration *fstart,
-	int (*fp)(void *, FuncDeclaration *),
-	void *param)
-{
-    FuncDeclaration *f;
-    Declaration *d;
-    Declaration *next;
-
-    for (d = fstart; d; d = next)
-    {	FuncAliasDeclaration *fa = d->isFuncAliasDeclaration();
-
-	if (fa)
-	{
-	    if (fa->getModule() == from || fa->importprot != PROTprivate)
-		if (overloadApply(from, fa->funcalias, fp, param))
-		    return 1;
-	    next = fa->overnext;
-	}
-	else
-	{
-	    AliasDeclaration *a = d->isAliasDeclaration();
-
-	    if (a)
-	    {
-		Dsymbol *s = a->toAlias();
-		next = s->isDeclaration();
-		if (next == a)
-		    break;
-		if (next == fstart)
-		    break;
-		if (a->importprot == PROTprivate && a->getModule() != from)
-		    if (FuncDeclaration* fd = next->isFuncDeclaration())
-			next = fd->overnext;
-	    }
-	    else
-	    {
-		f = d->isFuncDeclaration();
-		if (!f)
-		{   d->error("is aliased to a function");
-		    break;		// BUG: should print error message?
-		}
-		if ((*fp)(param, f))
-		    return 1;
-
-		next = f->overnext;
-	    }
-	}
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/********************************************
- * Find function in overload list that exactly matches t.
- */
-
-struct Param1
-{
-    Type *t;		// type to match
-    FuncDeclaration *f;	// return value
-};
-
-int fp1(void *param, FuncDeclaration *f)
-{   Param1 *p = (Param1 *)param;
-    Type *t = p->t;
-
-    if (t->equals(f->type))
-    {	p->f = f;
-	return 1;
-    }
-
-#if DMDV2
-    /* Allow covariant matches, if it's just a const conversion
-     * of the return type
-     */
-    if (t->ty == Tfunction)
-    {   TypeFunction *tf = (TypeFunction *)f->type;
-	if (tf->covariant(t) == 1 &&
-	    tf->nextOf()->implicitConvTo(t->nextOf()) >= MATCHconst)
-	{
-	    p->f = f;
-	    return 1;
-	}
-    }
-#endif
-    return 0;
-}
-
-FuncDeclaration *FuncDeclaration::overloadExactMatch(Type *t, Module* from)
-{
-    Param1 p;
-    p.t = t;
-    p.f = NULL;
-    overloadApply(from, this, &fp1, &p);
-    return p.f;
-}
-
-#if 0
-FuncDeclaration *FuncDeclaration::overloadExactMatch(Type *t)
-{
-    FuncDeclaration *f;
-    Declaration *d;
-    Declaration *next;
-
-    for (d = this; d; d = next)
-    {	FuncAliasDeclaration *fa = d->isFuncAliasDeclaration();
-
-	if (fa)
-	{
-	    FuncDeclaration *f2 = fa->funcalias->overloadExactMatch(t);
-	    if (f2)
-		return f2;
-	    next = fa->overnext;
-	}
-	else
-	{
-	    AliasDeclaration *a = d->isAliasDeclaration();
-
-	    if (a)
-	    {
-		Dsymbol *s = a->toAlias();
-		next = s->isDeclaration();
-		if (next == a)
-		    break;
-	    }
-	    else
-	    {
-		f = d->isFuncDeclaration();
-		if (!f)
-		    break;		// BUG: should print error message?
-		if (t->equals(d->type))
-		    return f;
-		next = f->overnext;
-	    }
-	}
-    }
-    return NULL;
-}
-#endif
-
-/********************************************
- * Decide which function matches the arguments best.
- */
-
-struct Param2
-{
-    Match *m;
-    Expressions *arguments;
-};
-
-int fp2(void *param, FuncDeclaration *f)
-{   Param2 *p = (Param2 *)param;
-    Match *m = p->m;
-    Expressions *arguments = p->arguments;
-    MATCH match;
-
-    if (f != m->lastf)		// skip duplicates
-    {
-	m->anyf = f;
-	TypeFunction *tf = (TypeFunction *)f->type;
-	match = (MATCH) tf->callMatch(arguments);
-	//printf("1match = %d\n", match);
-	if (match != MATCHnomatch)
-	{
-	    if (match > m->last)
-		goto LfIsBetter;
-
-	    if (match < m->last)
-		goto LlastIsBetter;
-
-	    /* See if one of the matches overrides the other.
-	     */
-	    if (m->lastf->overrides(f))
-		goto LlastIsBetter;
-	    else if (f->overrides(m->lastf))
-		goto LfIsBetter;
-
-	Lambiguous:
-	    m->nextf = f;
-	    m->count++;
-	    return 0;
-
-	LfIsBetter:
-	    m->last = match;
-	    m->lastf = f;
-	    m->count = 1;
-	    return 0;
-
-	LlastIsBetter:
-	    return 0;
-	}
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-
-void overloadResolveX(Match *m, FuncDeclaration *fstart, Expressions *arguments, Module* from)
-{
-    Param2 p;
-    p.m = m;
-    p.arguments = arguments;
-    overloadApply(from, fstart, &fp2, &p);
-}
-
-#if 0
-// Recursive helper function
-
-void overloadResolveX(Match *m, FuncDeclaration *fstart, Expressions *arguments)
-{
-    MATCH match;
-    Declaration *d;
-    Declaration *next;
-
-    for (d = fstart; d; d = next)
-    {
-	FuncDeclaration *f;
-	FuncAliasDeclaration *fa;
-	AliasDeclaration *a;
-
-	fa = d->isFuncAliasDeclaration();
-	if (fa)
-	{
-	    overloadResolveX(m, fa->funcalias, arguments);
-	    next = fa->overnext;
-	}
-	else if ((f = d->isFuncDeclaration()) != NULL)
-	{
-	    next = f->overnext;
-	    if (f == m->lastf)
-		continue;			// skip duplicates
-	    else
-	    {
-		TypeFunction *tf;
-
-		m->anyf = f;
-		tf = (TypeFunction *)f->type;
-		match = (MATCH) tf->callMatch(arguments);
-		//printf("2match = %d\n", match);
-		if (match != MATCHnomatch)
-		{
-		    if (match > m->last)
-			goto LfIsBetter;
-
-		    if (match < m->last)
-			goto LlastIsBetter;
-
-		    /* See if one of the matches overrides the other.
-		     */
-		    if (m->lastf->overrides(f))
-			goto LlastIsBetter;
-		    else if (f->overrides(m->lastf))
-			goto LfIsBetter;
-
-		Lambiguous:
-		    m->nextf = f;
-		    m->count++;
-		    continue;
-
-		LfIsBetter:
-		    m->last = match;
-		    m->lastf = f;
-		    m->count = 1;
-		    continue;
-
-		LlastIsBetter:
-		    continue;
-		}
-	    }
-	}
-	else if ((a = d->isAliasDeclaration()) != NULL)
-	{
-	    Dsymbol *s = a->toAlias();
-	    next = s->isDeclaration();
-	    if (next == a)
-		break;
-	    if (next == fstart)
-		break;
-	}
-	else
-	{   d->error("is aliased to a function");
-	    break;
-	}
-    }
-}
-#endif
-
-FuncDeclaration *FuncDeclaration::overloadResolve(Loc loc, Expressions *arguments, Module* from)
-{
-    TypeFunction *tf;
-    Match m;
-
-#if 0
-printf("FuncDeclaration::overloadResolve('%s')\n", toChars());
-if (arguments)
-{   int i;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < arguments->dim; i++)
-    {   Expression *arg;
-
-	arg = (Expression *)arguments->data[i];
-	assert(arg->type);
-	printf("\t%s: ", arg->toChars());
-	arg->type->print();
-    }
-}
-#endif
-
-    memset(&m, 0, sizeof(m));
-    m.last = MATCHnomatch;
-    overloadResolveX(&m, this, arguments, from);
-
-    if (m.count == 1)		// exactly one match
-    {
-	return m.lastf;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-	OutBuffer buf;
-
-	if (arguments)
-	{
-	    HdrGenState hgs;
-
-	    argExpTypesToCBuffer(&buf, arguments, &hgs);
-	}
-
-	if (m.last == MATCHnomatch)
-	{
-	    tf = (TypeFunction *)type;
-
-	    //printf("tf = %s, args = %s\n", tf->deco, ((Expression *)arguments->data[0])->type->deco);
-	    error(loc, "%s does not match parameter types (%s)",
-		Argument::argsTypesToChars(tf->parameters, tf->varargs),
-		buf.toChars());
-	    return m.anyf;		// as long as it's not a FuncAliasDeclaration
-	}
-	else
-	{
-#if 1
-	    TypeFunction *t1 = (TypeFunction *)m.lastf->type;
-	    TypeFunction *t2 = (TypeFunction *)m.nextf->type;
-
-	    error(loc, "called with argument types:\n\t(%s)\nmatches both:\n\t%s%s\nand:\n\t%s%s",
-		    buf.toChars(),
-		    m.lastf->toPrettyChars(), Argument::argsTypesToChars(t1->parameters, t1->varargs),
-		    m.nextf->toPrettyChars(), Argument::argsTypesToChars(t2->parameters, t2->varargs));
-#else
-	    error(loc, "overloads %s and %s both match argument list for %s",
-		    m.lastf->type->toChars(),
-		    m.nextf->type->toChars(),
-		    m.lastf->toChars());
-#endif
-	    return m.lastf;
-	}
-    }
-}
-
-/********************************
- * Labels are in a separate scope, one per function.
- */
-
-LabelDsymbol *FuncDeclaration::searchLabel(Identifier *ident)
-{   Dsymbol *s;
-
-    if (!labtab)
-	labtab = new DsymbolTable();	// guess we need one
-
-    s = labtab->lookup(ident);
-    if (!s)
-    {
-	s = new LabelDsymbol(ident);
-	labtab->insert(s);
-    }
-    return (LabelDsymbol *)s;
-}
-
-/****************************************
- * If non-static member function that has a 'this' pointer,
- * return the aggregate it is a member of.
- * Otherwise, return NULL.
- */
-
-AggregateDeclaration *FuncDeclaration::isThis()
-{   AggregateDeclaration *ad;
-
-    //printf("+FuncDeclaration::isThis() '%s'\n", toChars());
-    ad = NULL;
-    if ((storage_class & STCstatic) == 0)
-    {
-	ad = isMember2();
-    }
-    //printf("-FuncDeclaration::isThis() %p\n", ad);
-    return ad;
-}
-
-AggregateDeclaration *FuncDeclaration::isMember2()
-{   AggregateDeclaration *ad;
-
-    //printf("+FuncDeclaration::isMember2() '%s'\n", toChars());
-    ad = NULL;
-    for (Dsymbol *s = this; s; s = s->parent)
-    {
-//printf("\ts = '%s', parent = '%s', kind = %s\n", s->toChars(), s->parent->toChars(), s->parent->kind());
-	ad = s->isMember();
-	if (ad)
-{   //printf("test4\n");
-	    break;
-}
-	if (!s->parent ||
-	    (!s->parent->isTemplateInstance()))
-{   //printf("test5\n");
-	    break;
-}
-    }
-    //printf("-FuncDeclaration::isMember2() %p\n", ad);
-    return ad;
-}
-
-/*****************************************
- * Determine lexical level difference from 'this' to nested function 'fd'.
- * Error if this cannot call fd.
- * Returns:
- *	0	same level
- *	-1	increase nesting by 1 (fd is nested within 'this')
- *	>0	decrease nesting by number
- */
-
-int FuncDeclaration::getLevel(Loc loc, FuncDeclaration *fd)
-{   int level;
-    Dsymbol *s;
-    Dsymbol *fdparent;
-
-    //printf("FuncDeclaration::getLevel(fd = '%s')\n", fd->toChars());
-    fdparent = fd->toParent2();
-    if (fdparent == this)
-	return -1;
-    s = this;
-    level = 0;
-    while (fd != s && fdparent != s->toParent2())
-    {
-	//printf("\ts = '%s'\n", s->toChars());
-	FuncDeclaration *thisfd = s->isFuncDeclaration();
-	if (thisfd)
-	{   if (!thisfd->isNested() && !thisfd->vthis)
-		goto Lerr;
-	}
-	else
-	{
-	    ClassDeclaration *thiscd = s->isClassDeclaration();
-	    if (thiscd)
-	    {	if (!thiscd->isNested())
-		    goto Lerr;
-	    }
-	    else
-		goto Lerr;
-	}
-
-	s = s->toParent2();
-	assert(s);
-	level++;
-    }
-    return level;
-
-Lerr:
-    error(loc, "cannot access frame of function %s", fd->toChars());
-    return 1;
-}
-
-void FuncDeclaration::appendExp(Expression *e)
-{   Statement *s;
-
-    s = new ExpStatement(0, e);
-    appendState(s);
-}
-
-void FuncDeclaration::appendState(Statement *s)
-{   CompoundStatement *cs;
-
-    if (!fbody)
-    {	Statements *a;
-
-	a = new Statements();
-	fbody = new CompoundStatement(0, a);
-    }
-    cs = fbody->isCompoundStatement();
-    cs->statements->push(s);
-}
-
-
-int FuncDeclaration::isMain()
-{
-    return ident == Id::main &&
-	linkage != LINKc && !isMember() && !isNested();
-}
-
-int FuncDeclaration::isWinMain()
-{
-    //printf("FuncDeclaration::isWinMain() %s\n", toChars());
-#if 0
-    int x = ident == Id::WinMain &&
-	linkage != LINKc && !isMember();
-    printf("%s\n", x ? "yes" : "no");
-    return x;
-#else
-    return ident == Id::WinMain &&
-	linkage != LINKc && !isMember();
-#endif
-}
-
-int FuncDeclaration::isDllMain()
-{
-    return ident == Id::DllMain &&
-	linkage != LINKc && !isMember();
-}
-
-int FuncDeclaration::isExport()
-{
-    return protection == PROTexport;
-}
-
-int FuncDeclaration::isImportedSymbol()
-{
-    //printf("isImportedSymbol()\n");
-    //printf("protection = %d\n", protection);
-    return (protection == PROTexport) && !fbody;
-}
-
-// Determine if function goes into virtual function pointer table
-
-int FuncDeclaration::isVirtual()
-{
-#if 0
-    printf("FuncDeclaration::isVirtual(%s)\n", toChars());
-    printf("%p %d %d %d %d\n", isMember(), isStatic(), protection == PROTprivate, isCtorDeclaration(), linkage != LINKd);
-    printf("result is %d\n",
-	isMember() &&
-	!(isStatic() || protection == PROTprivate || protection == PROTpackage) &&
-	toParent()->isClassDeclaration());
-#endif
-    return isMember() &&
-	!(isStatic() || protection == PROTprivate || protection == PROTpackage) &&
-	toParent()->isClassDeclaration();
-}
-
-int FuncDeclaration::isFinal()
-{
-    ClassDeclaration *cd;
-#if 0
-    printf("FuncDeclaration::isFinal(%s)\n", toChars());
-    printf("%p %d %d %d %d\n", isMember(), isStatic(), protection == PROTprivate, isCtorDeclaration(), linkage != LINKd);
-    printf("result is %d\n",
-	isMember() &&
-	!(isStatic() || protection == PROTprivate || protection == PROTpackage) &&
-	(cd = toParent()->isClassDeclaration()) != NULL &&
-	cd->storage_class & STCfinal);
-#endif
-    return isMember() &&
-	(Declaration::isFinal() ||
-	 ((cd = toParent()->isClassDeclaration()) != NULL && cd->storage_class & STCfinal));
-}
-
-int FuncDeclaration::isAbstract()
-{
-    return storage_class & STCabstract;
-}
-
-int FuncDeclaration::isCodeseg()
-{
-    return TRUE;		// functions are always in the code segment
-}
-
-// Determine if function needs
-// a static frame pointer to its lexically enclosing function
-
-int FuncDeclaration::isNested()
-{
-    //if (!toParent())
-	//printf("FuncDeclaration::isNested('%s') parent=%p\n", toChars(), parent);
-    //printf("\ttoParent() = '%s'\n", toParent()->toChars());
-    return ((storage_class & STCstatic) == 0) && toParent2() &&
-	   (toParent2()->isFuncDeclaration() != NULL);
-}
-
-int FuncDeclaration::needThis()
-{
-    //printf("FuncDeclaration::needThis() '%s'\n", toChars());
-    int i = isThis() != NULL;
-    //printf("\t%d\n", i);
-    if (!i && isFuncAliasDeclaration())
-	i = ((FuncAliasDeclaration *)this)->funcalias->needThis();
-    return i;
-}
-
-int FuncDeclaration::addPreInvariant()
-{
-    AggregateDeclaration *ad = isThis();
-    return (ad &&
-	    //ad->isClassDeclaration() &&
-	    global.params.useInvariants &&
-	    (protection == PROTpublic || protection == PROTexport) &&
-	    !naked);
-}
-
-int FuncDeclaration::addPostInvariant()
-{
-    AggregateDeclaration *ad = isThis();
-    return (ad &&
-	    ad->inv &&
-	    //ad->isClassDeclaration() &&
-	    global.params.useInvariants &&
-	    (protection == PROTpublic || protection == PROTexport) &&
-	    !naked);
-}
-
-/**********************************
- * Generate a FuncDeclaration for a runtime library function.
- */
-
-//
-// LDC: Adjusted to give argument info to the runtime function decl.
-//
-
-FuncDeclaration *FuncDeclaration::genCfunc(Arguments *args, Type *treturn, const char *name)
-{
-    return genCfunc(args, treturn, Lexer::idPool(name));
-}
-
-FuncDeclaration *FuncDeclaration::genCfunc(Arguments *args, Type *treturn, Identifier *id)
-{
-    FuncDeclaration *fd;
-    TypeFunction *tf;
-    Dsymbol *s;
-    static DsymbolTable *st = NULL;
-
-    //printf("genCfunc(name = '%s')\n", id->toChars());
-    //printf("treturn\n\t"); treturn->print();
-
-    // See if already in table
-    if (!st)
-	st = new DsymbolTable();
-    s = st->lookup(id);
-    if (s)
-    {
-	fd = s->isFuncDeclaration();
-	assert(fd);
-	assert(fd->type->nextOf()->equals(treturn));
-    }
-    else
-    {
-	tf = new TypeFunction(args, treturn, 0, LINKc);
-	fd = new FuncDeclaration(0, 0, id, STCstatic, tf);
-	fd->protection = PROTpublic;
-	fd->linkage = LINKc;
-
-	st->insert(fd);
-    }
-    return fd;
-}
-
-const char *FuncDeclaration::kind()
-{
-    return "function";
-}
-
-/*******************************
- * Look at all the variables in this function that are referenced
- * by nested functions, and determine if a closure needs to be
- * created for them.
- */
-
-#if DMDV2
-int FuncDeclaration::needsClosure()
-{
-    /* Need a closure for all the closureVars[] if any of the
-     * closureVars[] are accessed by a
-     * function that escapes the scope of this function.
-     * We take the conservative approach and decide that any function that:
-     * 1) is a virtual function
-     * 2) has its address taken
-     * 3) has a parent that escapes
-     *
-     * Note that since a non-virtual function can be called by
-     * a virtual one, if that non-virtual function accesses a closure
-     * var, the closure still has to be taken. Hence, we check for isThis()
-     * instead of isVirtual(). (thanks to David Friedman)
-     */
-
-    //printf("FuncDeclaration::needsClosure() %s\n", toChars());
-    for (int i = 0; i < closureVars.dim; i++)
-    {	VarDeclaration *v = (VarDeclaration *)closureVars.data[i];
-	assert(v->isVarDeclaration());
-	//printf("\tv = %s\n", v->toChars());
-
-	for (int j = 0; j < v->nestedrefs.dim; j++)
-	{   FuncDeclaration *f = (FuncDeclaration *)v->nestedrefs.data[j];
-	    assert(f != this);
-
-	    //printf("\t\tf = %s, %d, %d\n", f->toChars(), f->isVirtual(), f->tookAddressOf);
-	    if (f->isThis() || f->tookAddressOf)
-		goto Lyes;	// assume f escapes this function's scope
-
-	    // Look to see if any parents of f that are below this escape
-	    for (Dsymbol *s = f->parent; s && s != this; s = s->parent)
-	    {
-		f = s->isFuncDeclaration();
-		if (f && (f->isThis() || f->tookAddressOf))
-		    goto Lyes;
-	    }
-	}
-    }
-    return 0;
-
-Lyes:
-    //printf("\tneeds closure\n");
-    return 1;
-}
-#endif
-
-/****************************** FuncAliasDeclaration ************************/
-
-// Used as a way to import a set of functions from another scope into this one.
-
-FuncAliasDeclaration::FuncAliasDeclaration(FuncDeclaration *funcalias)
-    : FuncDeclaration(funcalias->loc, funcalias->endloc, funcalias->ident,
-	(enum STC)funcalias->storage_class, funcalias->type)
-{
-    assert(funcalias != this);
-    this->funcalias = funcalias;
-    importprot = PROTundefined;
-}
-
-const char *FuncAliasDeclaration::kind()
-{
-    return "function alias";
-}
-
-
-/****************************** FuncLiteralDeclaration ************************/
-
-FuncLiteralDeclaration::FuncLiteralDeclaration(Loc loc, Loc endloc, Type *type,
-	enum TOK tok, ForeachStatement *fes)
-    : FuncDeclaration(loc, endloc, NULL, STCundefined, type)
-{
-    const char *id;
-
-    if (fes)
-	id = "__foreachbody";
-    else if (tok == TOKdelegate)
-	id = "__dgliteral";
-    else
-	id = "__funcliteral";
-    this->ident = Identifier::generateId(id);
-    this->tok = tok;
-    this->fes = fes;
-    //printf("FuncLiteralDeclaration() id = '%s', type = '%s'\n", this->ident->toChars(), type->toChars());
-}
-
-Dsymbol *FuncLiteralDeclaration::syntaxCopy(Dsymbol *s)
-{
-    FuncLiteralDeclaration *f;
-
-    //printf("FuncLiteralDeclaration::syntaxCopy('%s')\n", toChars());
-    if (s)
-	f = (FuncLiteralDeclaration *)s;
-    else
-	f = new FuncLiteralDeclaration(loc, endloc, type->syntaxCopy(), tok, fes);
-    FuncDeclaration::syntaxCopy(f);
-    return f;
-}
-
-int FuncLiteralDeclaration::isNested()
-{
-    //printf("FuncLiteralDeclaration::isNested() '%s'\n", toChars());
-    return (tok == TOKdelegate);
-}
-
-int FuncLiteralDeclaration::isVirtual()
-{
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-const char *FuncLiteralDeclaration::kind()
-{
-    // GCC requires the (char*) casts
-    return (tok == TOKdelegate) ? (char*)"delegate" : (char*)"function";
-}
-
-void FuncLiteralDeclaration::toCBuffer(OutBuffer *buf, HdrGenState *hgs)
-{
-    static Identifier *idfunc;
-    static Identifier *iddel;
-
-    if (!idfunc)
-	idfunc = new Identifier("function", 0);
-    if (!iddel)
-	iddel = new Identifier("delegate", 0);
-
-    type->toCBuffer(buf, ((tok == TOKdelegate) ? iddel : idfunc), hgs);
-    bodyToCBuffer(buf, hgs);
-}
-
-
-/********************************* CtorDeclaration ****************************/
-
-CtorDeclaration::CtorDeclaration(Loc loc, Loc endloc, Arguments *arguments, int varargs)
-    : FuncDeclaration(loc, endloc, Id::ctor, STCundefined, NULL)
-{
-    this->arguments = arguments;
-    this->varargs = varargs;
-    //printf("CtorDeclaration(loc = %s) %s\n", loc.toChars(), toChars());
-}
-
-Dsymbol *CtorDeclaration::syntaxCopy(Dsymbol *s)
-{
-    CtorDeclaration *f;
-
-    f = new CtorDeclaration(loc, endloc, NULL, varargs);
-
-    f->outId = outId;
-    f->frequire = frequire ? frequire->syntaxCopy() : NULL;
-    f->fensure  = fensure  ? fensure->syntaxCopy()  : NULL;
-    f->fbody    = fbody    ? fbody->syntaxCopy()    : NULL;
-    assert(!fthrows); // deprecated
-
-    f->arguments = Argument::arraySyntaxCopy(arguments);
-    return f;
-}
-
-
-void CtorDeclaration::semantic(Scope *sc)
-{
-    ClassDeclaration *cd;
-    Type *tret;
-
-    //printf("CtorDeclaration::semantic()\n");
-    if (type)
-	return;
-
-    sc = sc->push();
-    sc->stc &= ~STCstatic;		// not a static constructor
-
-    parent = sc->parent;
-    Dsymbol *parent = toParent();
-    cd = parent->isClassDeclaration();
-    if (!cd)
-    {
-	error("constructors are only for class definitions");
-	fatal();
-	tret = Type::tvoid;
-    }
-    else
-	tret = cd->type; //->referenceTo();
-    type = new TypeFunction(arguments, tret, varargs, LINKd);
-    if (!originalType)
-	originalType = type;
-
-    sc->flags |= SCOPEctor;
-    type = type->semantic(loc, sc);
-    sc->flags &= ~SCOPEctor;
-
-    // Append:
-    //	return this;
-    // to the function body
-    if (fbody)
-    {	Expression *e;
-	Statement *s;
-
-	e = new ThisExp(0);
-	s = new ReturnStatement(0, e);
-	fbody = new CompoundStatement(0, fbody, s);
-    }
-
-    FuncDeclaration::semantic(sc);
-
-    sc->pop();
-
-    // See if it's the default constructor
-    if (cd && varargs == 0 && Argument::dim(arguments) == 0)
-	cd->defaultCtor = this;
-}
-
-const char *CtorDeclaration::kind()
-{
-    return "constructor";
-}
-
-char *CtorDeclaration::toChars()
-{
-    return (char *)"this";
-}
-
-int CtorDeclaration::isVirtual()
-{
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-int CtorDeclaration::addPreInvariant()
-{
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-int CtorDeclaration::addPostInvariant()
-{
-    return (isThis() && vthis && global.params.useInvariants);
-}
-
-
-void CtorDeclaration::toCBuffer(OutBuffer *buf, HdrGenState *hgs)
-{
-    buf->writestring("this");
-    Argument::argsToCBuffer(buf, hgs, arguments, varargs);
-    bodyToCBuffer(buf, hgs);
-}
-
-/********************************* DtorDeclaration ****************************/
-
-DtorDeclaration::DtorDeclaration(Loc loc, Loc endloc)
-    : FuncDeclaration(loc, endloc, Id::dtor, STCundefined, NULL)
-{
-}
-
-DtorDeclaration::DtorDeclaration(Loc loc, Loc endloc, Identifier *id)
-    : FuncDeclaration(loc, endloc, id, STCundefined, NULL)
-{
-}
-
-Dsymbol *DtorDeclaration::syntaxCopy(Dsymbol *s)
-{
-    assert(!s);
-    DtorDeclaration *dd = new DtorDeclaration(loc, endloc, ident);
-    return FuncDeclaration::syntaxCopy(dd);
-}
-
-
-void DtorDeclaration::semantic(Scope *sc)
-{
-    ClassDeclaration *cd;
-
-    parent = sc->parent;
-    Dsymbol *parent = toParent();
-    cd = parent->isClassDeclaration();
-    if (!cd)
-    {
-	error("destructors only are for class definitions");
-	fatal();
-    }
-    else
-	cd->dtors.push(this);
-    type = new TypeFunction(NULL, Type::tvoid, FALSE, LINKd);
-
-    sc = sc->push();
-    sc->stc &= ~STCstatic;		// not a static destructor
-    sc->linkage = LINKd;
-
-    FuncDeclaration::semantic(sc);
-
-    sc->pop();
-}
-
-int DtorDeclaration::overloadInsert(Dsymbol *s)
-{
-    return FALSE;	// cannot overload destructors
-}
-
-int DtorDeclaration::addPreInvariant()
-{
-    return (isThis() && vthis && global.params.useInvariants);
-}
-
-int DtorDeclaration::addPostInvariant()
-{
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-int DtorDeclaration::isVirtual()
-{
-    /* This should be FALSE so that dtor's don't get put into the vtbl[],
-     * but doing so will require recompiling everything.
-     */
-#if BREAKABI
-    return FALSE;
-#else
-    return FuncDeclaration::isVirtual();
-#endif
-}
-
-void DtorDeclaration::toCBuffer(OutBuffer *buf, HdrGenState *hgs)
-{
-    if (hgs->hdrgen)
-	return;
-    buf->writestring("~this()");
-    bodyToCBuffer(buf, hgs);
-}
-
-/********************************* StaticCtorDeclaration ****************************/
-
-StaticCtorDeclaration::StaticCtorDeclaration(Loc loc, Loc endloc)
-    : FuncDeclaration(loc, endloc,
-      Identifier::generateId("_staticCtor"), STCstatic, NULL)
-{
-}
-
-Dsymbol *StaticCtorDeclaration::syntaxCopy(Dsymbol *s)
-{
-    StaticCtorDeclaration *scd;
-
-    assert(!s);
-    scd = new StaticCtorDeclaration(loc, endloc);
-    return FuncDeclaration::syntaxCopy(scd);
-}
-
-
-void StaticCtorDeclaration::semantic(Scope *sc)
-{
-    //printf("StaticCtorDeclaration::semantic()\n");
-
-    type = new TypeFunction(NULL, Type::tvoid, FALSE, LINKd);
-
-    /* If the static ctor appears within a template instantiation,
-     * it could get called multiple times by the module constructors
-     * for different modules. Thus, protect it with a gate.
-     */
-    if (inTemplateInstance())
-    {
-	/* Add this prefix to the function:
-	 *	static int gate;
-	 *	if (++gate != 1) return;
-	 * Note that this is not thread safe; should not have threads
-	 * during static construction.
-	 */
-	Identifier *id = Lexer::idPool("__gate");
-	VarDeclaration *v = new VarDeclaration(0, Type::tint32, id, NULL);
-	v->storage_class = STCstatic;
-	Statements *sa = new Statements();
-	Statement *s = new DeclarationStatement(0, v);
-	sa->push(s);
-	Expression *e = new IdentifierExp(0, id);
-	e = new AddAssignExp(0, e, new IntegerExp(1));
-	e = new EqualExp(TOKnotequal, 0, e, new IntegerExp(1));
-	s = new IfStatement(0, NULL, e, new ReturnStatement(0, NULL), NULL);
-	sa->push(s);
-	if (fbody)
-	    sa->push(fbody);
-	fbody = new CompoundStatement(0, sa);
-    }
-
-    FuncDeclaration::semantic(sc);
-
-    // We're going to need ModuleInfo
-    Module *m = getModule();
-    if (!m)
-	m = sc->module;
-    if (m)
-    {	m->needmoduleinfo = 1;
-#ifdef IN_GCC
-	m->strictlyneedmoduleinfo = 1;
-#endif
-    }
-}
-
-AggregateDeclaration *StaticCtorDeclaration::isThis()
-{
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-int StaticCtorDeclaration::isStaticConstructor()
-{
-    return TRUE;
-}
-
-int StaticCtorDeclaration::isVirtual()
-{
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-int StaticCtorDeclaration::addPreInvariant()
-{
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-int StaticCtorDeclaration::addPostInvariant()
-{
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-void StaticCtorDeclaration::toCBuffer(OutBuffer *buf, HdrGenState *hgs)
-{
-    if (hgs->hdrgen)
-    {	buf->writestring("static this();\n");
-	return;
-    }
-    buf->writestring("static this()");
-    bodyToCBuffer(buf, hgs);
-}
-
-/********************************* StaticDtorDeclaration ****************************/
-
-StaticDtorDeclaration::StaticDtorDeclaration(Loc loc, Loc endloc)
-    : FuncDeclaration(loc, endloc,
-      Identifier::generateId("_staticDtor"), STCstatic, NULL)
-{
-    vgate = NULL;
-}
-
-Dsymbol *StaticDtorDeclaration::syntaxCopy(Dsymbol *s)
-{
-    StaticDtorDeclaration *sdd;
-
-    assert(!s);
-    sdd = new StaticDtorDeclaration(loc, endloc);
-    return FuncDeclaration::syntaxCopy(sdd);
-}
-
-
-void StaticDtorDeclaration::semantic(Scope *sc)
-{
-    ClassDeclaration *cd;
-    Type *tret;
-
-    cd = sc->scopesym->isClassDeclaration();
-    if (!cd)
-    {
-    }
-    type = new TypeFunction(NULL, Type::tvoid, FALSE, LINKd);
-
-    /* If the static ctor appears within a template instantiation,
-     * it could get called multiple times by the module constructors
-     * for different modules. Thus, protect it with a gate.
-     */
-    if (inTemplateInstance())
-    {
-	/* Add this prefix to the function:
-	 *	static int gate;
-	 *	if (--gate != 0) return;
-	 * Increment gate during constructor execution.
-	 * Note that this is not thread safe; should not have threads
-	 * during static destruction.
-	 */
-	Identifier *id = Lexer::idPool("__gate");
-	VarDeclaration *v = new VarDeclaration(0, Type::tint32, id, NULL);
-	v->storage_class = STCstatic;
-	Statements *sa = new Statements();
-	Statement *s = new DeclarationStatement(0, v);
-	sa->push(s);
-	Expression *e = new IdentifierExp(0, id);
-	e = new AddAssignExp(0, e, new IntegerExp((uint64_t)-1));
-	e = new EqualExp(TOKnotequal, 0, e, new IntegerExp(0));
-	s = new IfStatement(0, NULL, e, new ReturnStatement(0, NULL), NULL);
-	sa->push(s);
-	if (fbody)
-	    sa->push(fbody);
-	fbody = new CompoundStatement(0, sa);
-	vgate = v;
-    }
-
-    FuncDeclaration::semantic(sc);
-
-    // We're going to need ModuleInfo
-    Module *m = getModule();
-    if (!m)
-	m = sc->module;
-    if (m)
-    {	m->needmoduleinfo = 1;
-#ifdef IN_GCC
-	m->strictlyneedmoduleinfo = 1;
-#endif
-    }
-}
-
-AggregateDeclaration *StaticDtorDeclaration::isThis()
-{
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-int StaticDtorDeclaration::isStaticDestructor()
-{
-    return TRUE;
-}
-
-int StaticDtorDeclaration::isVirtual()
-{
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-int StaticDtorDeclaration::addPreInvariant()
-{
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-int StaticDtorDeclaration::addPostInvariant()
-{
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-void StaticDtorDeclaration::toCBuffer(OutBuffer *buf, HdrGenState *hgs)
-{
-    if (hgs->hdrgen)
-	return;
-    buf->writestring("static ~this()");
-    bodyToCBuffer(buf, hgs);
-}
-
-/********************************* InvariantDeclaration ****************************/
-
-InvariantDeclaration::InvariantDeclaration(Loc loc, Loc endloc)
-    : FuncDeclaration(loc, endloc, Id::classInvariant, STCundefined, NULL)
-{
-}
-
-Dsymbol *InvariantDeclaration::syntaxCopy(Dsymbol *s)
-{
-    InvariantDeclaration *id;
-
-    assert(!s);
-    id = new InvariantDeclaration(loc, endloc);
-    FuncDeclaration::syntaxCopy(id);
-    return id;
-}
-
-
-void InvariantDeclaration::semantic(Scope *sc)
-{
-    AggregateDeclaration *ad;
-    Type *tret;
-
-    parent = sc->parent;
-    Dsymbol *parent = toParent();
-    ad = parent->isAggregateDeclaration();
-    if (!ad)
-    {
-	error("invariants are only for struct/union/class definitions");
-	return;
-    }
-    else if (ad->inv && ad->inv != this)
-    {
-	error("more than one invariant for %s", ad->toChars());
-    }
-    ad->inv = this;
-    type = new TypeFunction(NULL, Type::tvoid, FALSE, LINKd);
-
-    sc = sc->push();
-    sc->stc &= ~STCstatic;		// not a static invariant
-    sc->incontract++;
-    sc->linkage = LINKd;
-
-    FuncDeclaration::semantic(sc);
-
-    sc->pop();
-}
-
-int InvariantDeclaration::isVirtual()
-{
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-int InvariantDeclaration::addPreInvariant()
-{
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-int InvariantDeclaration::addPostInvariant()
-{
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-void InvariantDeclaration::toCBuffer(OutBuffer *buf, HdrGenState *hgs)
-{
-    if (hgs->hdrgen)
-	return;
-    buf->writestring("invariant");
-    bodyToCBuffer(buf, hgs);
-}
-
-
-/********************************* UnitTestDeclaration ****************************/
-
-/*******************************
- * Generate unique unittest function Id so we can have multiple
- * instances per module.
- */
-
-static Identifier *unitTestId()
-{
-    return Lexer::uniqueId("__unittest");
-}
-
-UnitTestDeclaration::UnitTestDeclaration(Loc loc, Loc endloc)
-    : FuncDeclaration(loc, endloc, unitTestId(), STCundefined, NULL)
-{
-}
-
-Dsymbol *UnitTestDeclaration::syntaxCopy(Dsymbol *s)
-{
-    UnitTestDeclaration *utd;
-
-    assert(!s);
-    utd = new UnitTestDeclaration(loc, endloc);
-    return FuncDeclaration::syntaxCopy(utd);
-}
-
-
-void UnitTestDeclaration::semantic(Scope *sc)
-{
-    if (global.params.useUnitTests)
-    {
-	type = new TypeFunction(NULL, Type::tvoid, FALSE, LINKd);
-	Scope *sc2 = sc->push();
-	sc2->linkage = LINKd;
-	FuncDeclaration::semantic(sc2);
-	sc2->pop();
-    }
-
-    // We're going to need ModuleInfo even if the unit tests are not
-    // compiled in, because other modules may import this module and refer
-    // to this ModuleInfo.
-    Module *m = getModule();
-    if (!m)
-	m = sc->module;
-    if (m)
-	m->needmoduleinfo = 1;
-}
-
-AggregateDeclaration *UnitTestDeclaration::isThis()
-{
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-int UnitTestDeclaration::isVirtual()
-{
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-int UnitTestDeclaration::addPreInvariant()
-{
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-int UnitTestDeclaration::addPostInvariant()
-{
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-void UnitTestDeclaration::toCBuffer(OutBuffer *buf, HdrGenState *hgs)
-{
-    if (hgs->hdrgen)
-	return;
-    buf->writestring("unittest");
-    bodyToCBuffer(buf, hgs);
-}
-
-/********************************* NewDeclaration ****************************/
-
-NewDeclaration::NewDeclaration(Loc loc, Loc endloc, Arguments *arguments, int varargs)
-    : FuncDeclaration(loc, endloc, Id::classNew, STCstatic, NULL)
-{
-    this->arguments = arguments;
-    this->varargs = varargs;
-}
-
-Dsymbol *NewDeclaration::syntaxCopy(Dsymbol *s)
-{
-    NewDeclaration *f;
-
-    f = new NewDeclaration(loc, endloc, NULL, varargs);
-
-    FuncDeclaration::syntaxCopy(f);
-
-    f->arguments = Argument::arraySyntaxCopy(arguments);
-
-    return f;
-}
-
-
-void NewDeclaration::semantic(Scope *sc)
-{
-    ClassDeclaration *cd;
-    Type *tret;
-
-    //printf("NewDeclaration::semantic()\n");
-
-    parent = sc->parent;
-    Dsymbol *parent = toParent();
-    cd = parent->isClassDeclaration();
-    if (!cd && !parent->isStructDeclaration())
-    {
-	error("new allocators only are for class or struct definitions");
-    }
-    tret = Type::tvoid->pointerTo();
-    type = new TypeFunction(arguments, tret, varargs, LINKd);
-
-    type = type->semantic(loc, sc);
-    assert(type->ty == Tfunction);
-
-    // Check that there is at least one argument of type size_t
-    TypeFunction *tf = (TypeFunction *)type;
-    if (Argument::dim(tf->parameters) < 1)
-    {
-	error("at least one argument of type size_t expected");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-	Argument *a = Argument::getNth(tf->parameters, 0);
-	if (!a->type->equals(Type::tsize_t))
-	    error("first argument must be type size_t, not %s", a->type->toChars());
-    }
-
-    FuncDeclaration::semantic(sc);
-}
-
-const char *NewDeclaration::kind()
-{
-    return "allocator";
-}
-
-int NewDeclaration::isVirtual()
-{
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-int NewDeclaration::addPreInvariant()
-{
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-int NewDeclaration::addPostInvariant()
-{
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-void NewDeclaration::toCBuffer(OutBuffer *buf, HdrGenState *hgs)
-{
-    buf->writestring("new");
-    Argument::argsToCBuffer(buf, hgs, arguments, varargs);
-    bodyToCBuffer(buf, hgs);
-}
-
-
-/********************************* DeleteDeclaration ****************************/
-
-DeleteDeclaration::DeleteDeclaration(Loc loc, Loc endloc, Arguments *arguments)
-    : FuncDeclaration(loc, endloc, Id::classDelete, STCstatic, NULL)
-{
-    this->arguments = arguments;
-}
-
-Dsymbol *DeleteDeclaration::syntaxCopy(Dsymbol *s)
-{
-    DeleteDeclaration *f;
-
-    f = new DeleteDeclaration(loc, endloc, NULL);
-
-    FuncDeclaration::syntaxCopy(f);
-
-    f->arguments = Argument::arraySyntaxCopy(arguments);
-
-    return f;
-}
-
-
-void DeleteDeclaration::semantic(Scope *sc)
-{
-    ClassDeclaration *cd;
-
-    //printf("DeleteDeclaration::semantic()\n");
-
-    parent = sc->parent;
-    Dsymbol *parent = toParent();
-    cd = parent->isClassDeclaration();
-    if (!cd && !parent->isStructDeclaration())
-    {
-	error("new allocators only are for class or struct definitions");
-    }
-    type = new TypeFunction(arguments, Type::tvoid, 0, LINKd);
-
-    type = type->semantic(loc, sc);
-    assert(type->ty == Tfunction);
-
-    // Check that there is only one argument of type void*
-    TypeFunction *tf = (TypeFunction *)type;
-    if (Argument::dim(tf->parameters) != 1)
-    {
-	error("one argument of type void* expected");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-	Argument *a = Argument::getNth(tf->parameters, 0);
-	if (!a->type->equals(Type::tvoid->pointerTo()))
-	    error("one argument of type void* expected, not %s", a->type->toChars());
-    }
-
-    FuncDeclaration::semantic(sc);
-}
-
-const char *DeleteDeclaration::kind()
-{
-    return "deallocator";
-}
-
-int DeleteDeclaration::isDelete()
-{
-    return TRUE;
-}
-
-int DeleteDeclaration::isVirtual()
-{
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-int DeleteDeclaration::addPreInvariant()
-{
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-int DeleteDeclaration::addPostInvariant()
-{
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-void DeleteDeclaration::toCBuffer(OutBuffer *buf, HdrGenState *hgs)
-{
-    buf->writestring("delete");
-    Argument::argsToCBuffer(buf, hgs, arguments, 0);
-    bodyToCBuffer(buf, hgs);
-}
-
-
-
-
+// Compiler implementation of the D programming language
+// Copyright (c) 1999-2009 by Digital Mars
+// All Rights Reserved
+// written by Walter Bright
+// http://www.digitalmars.com
+// License for redistribution is by either the Artistic License
+// in artistic.txt, or the GNU General Public License in gnu.txt.
+// See the included readme.txt for details.
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "mars.h"
+#include "init.h"
+#include "declaration.h"
+#include "attrib.h"
+#include "expression.h"
+#include "scope.h"
+#include "mtype.h"
+#include "aggregate.h"
+#include "identifier.h"
+#include "id.h"
+#include "module.h"
+#include "statement.h"
+#include "template.h"
+#include "hdrgen.h"
+
+#ifdef IN_GCC
+#include "d-dmd-gcc.h"
+#endif
+
+/********************************* FuncDeclaration ****************************/
+
+FuncDeclaration::FuncDeclaration(Loc loc, Loc endloc, Identifier *id, enum STC storage_class, Type *type)
+    : Declaration(id)
+{
+    //printf("FuncDeclaration(id = '%s', type = %p)\n", id->toChars(), type);
+    //printf("storage_class = x%x\n", storage_class);
+    this->storage_class = storage_class;
+    this->type = type;
+    this->loc = loc;
+    this->endloc = endloc;
+    fthrows = NULL;
+    frequire = NULL;
+    fdrequire = NULL;
+    fdensure = NULL;
+    outId = NULL;
+    vresult = NULL;
+    returnLabel = NULL;
+    fensure = NULL;
+    fbody = NULL;
+    localsymtab = NULL;
+    vthis = NULL;
+    v_arguments = NULL;
+#if IN_GCC
+    v_argptr = NULL;
+#endif
+    parameters = NULL;
+    labtab = NULL;
+    overnext = NULL;
+    vtblIndex = -1;
+    hasReturnExp = 0;
+    naked = 0;
+    inlineStatus = ILSuninitialized;
+    inlineNest = 0;
+    inlineAsm = 0;
+    cantInterpret = 0;
+    semanticRun = 0;
+#if DMDV1
+    nestedFrameRef = 0;
+#endif
+    fes = NULL;
+    introducing = 0;
+    tintro = NULL;
+    /* The type given for "infer the return type" is a TypeFunction with
+     * NULL for the return type.
+     */
+    inferRetType = (type && type->nextOf() == NULL);
+    hasReturnExp = 0;
+    nrvo_can = 1;
+    nrvo_var = NULL;
+#if IN_DMD
+    shidden = NULL;
+#endif
+
+#if DMDV2
+    builtin = BUILTINunknown;
+    tookAddressOf = 0;
+#endif
+
+#if IN_LLVM
+    // LDC
+    isArrayOp = false;
+    allowInlining = false;
+
+    availableExternally = true; // assume this unless proven otherwise
+
+    // function types in ldc don't merge if the context parameter differs
+    // so we actually don't care about the function declaration, but only
+    // what kind of context parameter it has.
+    // however, this constructor is usually called from the parser, which
+    // unfortunately doesn't provide the information needed to get to the
+    // aggregate type. So we have to stick with the FuncDeclaration and
+    // just be sure we don't actually rely on the symbol it points to,
+    // but rather just the type of its context parameter.
+    // this means some function might have a function type pointing to
+    // another function declaration
+
+    if (type)
+    {
+        assert(type->ty == Tfunction && "invalid function type");
+        TypeFunction* tf = (TypeFunction*)type;
+        if (tf->funcdecl == NULL)
+            tf->funcdecl = this;
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+Dsymbol *FuncDeclaration::syntaxCopy(Dsymbol *s)
+{
+    FuncDeclaration *f;
+
+    //printf("FuncDeclaration::syntaxCopy('%s')\n", toChars());
+    if (s)
+	f = (FuncDeclaration *)s;
+    else
+	f = new FuncDeclaration(loc, endloc, ident, (enum STC) storage_class, type->syntaxCopy());
+    f->outId = outId;
+    f->frequire = frequire ? frequire->syntaxCopy() : NULL;
+    f->fensure  = fensure  ? fensure->syntaxCopy()  : NULL;
+    f->fbody    = fbody    ? fbody->syntaxCopy()    : NULL;
+    assert(!fthrows); // deprecated
+
+    // LDC
+    f->intrinsicName = intrinsicName;
+
+    return f;
+}
+
+
+// Do the semantic analysis on the external interface to the function.
+
+void FuncDeclaration::semantic(Scope *sc)
+{   TypeFunction *f;
+    StructDeclaration *sd;
+    ClassDeclaration *cd;
+    InterfaceDeclaration *id;
+    Dsymbol *pd;
+
+#if 0
+    printf("FuncDeclaration::semantic(sc = %p, this = %p, '%s', linkage = %d)\n", sc, this, toPrettyChars(), sc->linkage);
+    if (isFuncLiteralDeclaration())
+	printf("\tFuncLiteralDeclaration()\n");
+    printf("sc->parent = %s, parent = %s\n", sc->parent->toChars(), parent ? parent->toChars() : "");
+    printf("type: %p, %s\n", type, type->toChars());
+#endif
+
+    if (semanticRun && isFuncLiteralDeclaration())
+    {
+	/* Member functions that have return types that are
+	 * forward references can have semantic() run more than
+	 * once on them.
+	 * See test\interface2.d, test20
+	 */
+	return;
+    }
+    assert(semanticRun <= 1);
+    semanticRun = 1;
+
+    if (!type->deco)
+    {
+	type = type->semantic(loc, sc);
+    }
+    //type->print();
+    if (type->ty != Tfunction)
+    {
+	error("%s must be a function", toChars());
+	return;
+    }
+    f = (TypeFunction *)(type);
+    size_t nparams = Argument::dim(f->parameters);
+
+    linkage = sc->linkage;
+//    if (!parent)
+    {
+	//parent = sc->scopesym;
+	parent = sc->parent;
+    }
+    protection = sc->protection;
+    storage_class |= sc->stc;
+    //printf("function storage_class = x%x\n", storage_class);
+    Dsymbol *parent = toParent();
+
+    if (ident == Id::ctor && !isCtorDeclaration())
+	error("_ctor is reserved for constructors");
+
+    if (isConst() || isAuto() || isScope())
+	error("functions cannot be const, auto or scope");
+
+    if (isAbstract() && !isVirtual())
+	error("non-virtual functions cannot be abstract");
+
+    if (isAbstract() && isFinal())
+	error("cannot be both final and abstract");
+#if 0
+    if (isAbstract() && fbody)
+	error("abstract functions cannot have bodies");
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+    if (isStaticConstructor() || isStaticDestructor())
+    {
+	if (!isStatic() || type->nextOf()->ty != Tvoid)
+	    error("static constructors / destructors must be static void");
+	if (f->arguments && f->arguments->dim)
+	    error("static constructors / destructors must have empty parameter list");
+	// BUG: check for invalid storage classes
+    }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IN_GCC
+    AggregateDeclaration *ad;
+
+    ad = parent->isAggregateDeclaration();
+    if (ad)
+	ad->methods.push(this);
+#endif
+    sd = parent->isStructDeclaration();
+    if (sd)
+    {
+	// Verify no constructors, destructors, etc.
+	if (isCtorDeclaration() ||
+	    isDtorDeclaration()
+	    //|| isInvariantDeclaration()
+	    //|| isUnitTestDeclaration()
+	   )
+	{
+	    error("special member functions not allowed for %ss", sd->kind());
+	}
+
+#if 0
+	if (!sd->inv)
+	    sd->inv = isInvariantDeclaration();
+
+	if (!sd->aggNew)
+	    sd->aggNew = isNewDeclaration();
+
+	if (isDelete())
+	{
+	    if (sd->aggDelete)
+		error("multiple delete's for struct %s", sd->toChars());
+	    sd->aggDelete = (DeleteDeclaration *)(this);
+	}
+#endif
+    }
+
+    id = parent->isInterfaceDeclaration();
+    if (id)
+    {
+	storage_class |= STCabstract;
+
+	if (isCtorDeclaration() ||
+#if DMDV2
+	    isPostBlitDeclaration() ||
+#endif
+	    isDtorDeclaration() ||
+	    isInvariantDeclaration() ||
+	    isUnitTestDeclaration() || isNewDeclaration() || isDelete())
+	    error("special function not allowed in interface %s", id->toChars());
+	if (fbody)
+	    error("function body is not abstract in interface %s", id->toChars());
+    }
+
+    /* Template member functions aren't virtual:
+     *   interface TestInterface { void tpl(T)(); }
+     * and so won't work in interfaces
+     */
+    if ((pd = toParent()) != NULL &&
+	pd->isTemplateInstance() &&
+	(pd = toParent2()) != NULL &&
+	(id = pd->isInterfaceDeclaration()) != NULL)
+    {
+	error("template member function not allowed in interface %s", id->toChars());
+    }
+
+    cd = parent->isClassDeclaration();
+    if (cd)
+    {	int vi;
+	CtorDeclaration *ctor;
+	DtorDeclaration *dtor;
+	InvariantDeclaration *inv;
+
+	if (isCtorDeclaration())
+	{
+//	    ctor = (CtorDeclaration *)this;
+//	    if (!cd->ctor)
+//		cd->ctor = ctor;
+	    return;
+	}
+
+#if 0
+	dtor = isDtorDeclaration();
+	if (dtor)
+	{
+	    if (cd->dtor)
+		error("multiple destructors for class %s", cd->toChars());
+	    cd->dtor = dtor;
+	}
+
+	inv = isInvariantDeclaration();
+	if (inv)
+	{
+	    cd->inv = inv;
+	}
+
+	if (isNewDeclaration())
+	{
+	    if (!cd->aggNew)
+		cd->aggNew = (NewDeclaration *)(this);
+	}
+
+	if (isDelete())
+	{
+	    if (cd->aggDelete)
+		error("multiple delete's for class %s", cd->toChars());
+	    cd->aggDelete = (DeleteDeclaration *)(this);
+	}
+#endif
+
+	if (storage_class & STCabstract)
+	    cd->isabstract = 1;
+
+	// if static function, do not put in vtbl[]
+	if (!isVirtual())
+	{
+	    //printf("\tnot virtual\n");
+	    goto Ldone;
+	}
+
+	// Find index of existing function in vtbl[] to override
+	vi = findVtblIndex(&cd->vtbl, cd->baseClass ? cd->baseClass->vtbl.dim : 0);
+	switch (vi)
+	{
+	    case -1:
+		/* Didn't find one, so
+		 * This is an 'introducing' function which gets a new
+		 * slot in the vtbl[].
+		 */
+
+		// Verify this doesn't override previous final function
+		if (cd->baseClass)
+		{   Dsymbol *s = cd->baseClass->search(loc, ident, 0);
+		    if (s)
+		    {
+			FuncDeclaration *f = s->isFuncDeclaration();
+			f = f->overloadExactMatch(type, getModule());
+			if (f && f->isFinal() && f->prot() != PROTprivate)
+			    error("cannot override final function %s", f->toPrettyChars());
+		    }
+		}
+
+		if (isFinal())
+		{
+		    if (isOverride())
+			error("does not override any function");
+		    cd->vtblFinal.push(this);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+		    // Append to end of vtbl[]
+		    //printf("\tintroducing function\n");
+		    introducing = 1;
+		    vi = cd->vtbl.dim;
+		    cd->vtbl.push(this);
+		    vtblIndex = vi;
+		}
+		break;
+
+	    case -2:	// can't determine because of fwd refs
+		cd->sizeok = 2;	// can't finish due to forward reference
+		return;
+
+	    default:
+	    {   FuncDeclaration *fdv = (FuncDeclaration *)cd->vtbl.data[vi];
+		// This function is covariant with fdv
+		if (fdv->isFinal())
+		    error("cannot override final function %s", fdv->toPrettyChars());
+
+#if DMDV2
+		if (!isOverride())
+		    warning(loc, "overrides base class function %s, but is not marked with 'override'", fdv->toPrettyChars());
+#endif
+
+		if (fdv->toParent() == parent)
+		{
+		    // If both are mixins, then error.
+		    // If either is not, the one that is not overrides
+		    // the other.
+		    if (fdv->parent->isClassDeclaration())
+			break;
+		    if (!this->parent->isClassDeclaration()
+#if !BREAKABI
+			&& !isDtorDeclaration()
+#endif
+#if DMDV2
+			&& !isPostBlitDeclaration()
+#endif
+			)
+			error("multiple overrides of same function");
+		}
+		cd->vtbl.data[vi] = (void *)this;
+		vtblIndex = vi;
+
+		/* Remember which functions this overrides
+		 */
+		foverrides.push(fdv);
+
+		/* This works by whenever this function is called,
+		 * it actually returns tintro, which gets dynamically
+		 * cast to type. But we know that tintro is a base
+		 * of type, so we could optimize it by not doing a
+		 * dynamic cast, but just subtracting the isBaseOf()
+		 * offset if the value is != null.
+		 */
+
+		if (fdv->tintro)
+		    tintro = fdv->tintro;
+		else if (!type->equals(fdv->type))
+		{
+		    /* Only need to have a tintro if the vptr
+		     * offsets differ
+		     */
+		    int offset;
+		    if (fdv->type->nextOf()->isBaseOf(type->nextOf(), &offset))
+		    {
+			tintro = fdv->type;
+		    }
+		}
+		break;
+	    }
+	}
+
+	/* Go through all the interface bases.
+	 * If this function is covariant with any members of those interface
+	 * functions, set the tintro.
+	 */
+	for (int i = 0; i < cd->interfaces_dim; i++)
+	{
+#if 1
+	    BaseClass *b = cd->interfaces[i];
+	    vi = findVtblIndex(&b->base->vtbl, b->base->vtbl.dim);
+	    switch (vi)
+	    {
+		case -1:
+		    break;
+
+		case -2:
+		    cd->sizeok = 2;	// can't finish due to forward reference
+		    return;
+
+		default:
+		{   FuncDeclaration *fdv = (FuncDeclaration *)b->base->vtbl.data[vi];
+		    Type *ti = NULL;
+
+		    /* Remember which functions this overrides
+		     */
+		    foverrides.push(fdv);
+
+		    if (fdv->tintro)
+			ti = fdv->tintro;
+		    else if (!type->equals(fdv->type))
+		    {
+			/* Only need to have a tintro if the vptr
+			 * offsets differ
+			 */
+			int offset;
+			if (fdv->type->nextOf()->isBaseOf(type->nextOf(), &offset))
+			{
+			    ti = fdv->type;
+#if 0
+			    if (offset)
+				ti = fdv->type;
+			    else if (type->nextOf()->ty == Tclass)
+			    {   ClassDeclaration *cdn = ((TypeClass *)type->nextOf())->sym;
+				if (cdn && cdn->sizeok != 1)
+				    ti = fdv->type;
+			    }
+#endif
+			}
+		    }
+		    if (ti)
+		    {
+			if (tintro && !tintro->equals(ti))
+			{
+			    error("incompatible covariant types %s and %s", tintro->toChars(), ti->toChars());
+			}
+			tintro = ti;
+		    }
+		    goto L2;
+		}
+	    }
+#else
+	    BaseClass *b = cd->interfaces[i];
+	    for (vi = 0; vi < b->base->vtbl.dim; vi++)
+	    {
+		Dsymbol *s = (Dsymbol *)b->base->vtbl.data[vi];
+		//printf("interface %d vtbl[%d] %p %s\n", i, vi, s, s->toChars());
+		FuncDeclaration *fdv = s->isFuncDeclaration();
+		if (fdv && fdv->ident == ident)
+		{
+		    int cov = type->covariant(fdv->type);
+		    //printf("\tcov = %d\n", cov);
+		    if (cov == 2)
+		    {
+			//type->print();
+			//fdv->type->print();
+			//printf("%s %s\n", type->deco, fdv->type->deco);
+			error("of type %s overrides but is not covariant with %s of type %s",
+			    type->toChars(), fdv->toPrettyChars(), fdv->type->toChars());
+		    }
+		    if (cov == 1)
+		    {	Type *ti = NULL;
+
+			if (fdv->tintro)
+			    ti = fdv->tintro;
+			else if (!type->equals(fdv->type))
+			{
+			    /* Only need to have a tintro if the vptr
+			     * offsets differ
+			     */
+			    int offset;
+			    if (fdv->type->nextOf()->isBaseOf(type->nextOf(), &offset))
+			    {
+				ti = fdv->type;
+#if 0
+				if (offset)
+				    ti = fdv->type;
+				else if (type->nextOf()->ty == Tclass)
+				{   ClassDeclaration *cdn = ((TypeClass *)type->nextOf())->sym;
+				    if (cdn && cdn->sizeok != 1)
+					ti = fdv->type;
+				}
+#endif
+			    }
+			}
+			if (ti)
+			{
+			    if (tintro && !tintro->equals(ti))
+			    {
+				error("incompatible covariant types %s and %s", tintro->toChars(), ti->toChars());
+			    }
+			    tintro = ti;
+			}
+			goto L2;
+		    }
+		    if (cov == 3)
+		    {
+			cd->sizeok = 2;	// can't finish due to forward reference
+			return;
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+#endif
+	}
+
+	if (introducing && isOverride())
+	{
+	    error("does not override any function");
+	}
+
+    L2: ;
+    }
+    else if (isOverride() && !parent->isTemplateInstance())
+	error("override only applies to class member functions");
+
+    /* Do not allow template instances to add virtual functions
+     * to a class.
+     */
+    if (isVirtual())
+    {
+	TemplateInstance *ti = parent->isTemplateInstance();
+	if (ti)
+	{
+	    // Take care of nested templates
+	    while (1)
+	    {
+		TemplateInstance *ti2 = ti->tempdecl->parent->isTemplateInstance();
+		if (!ti2)
+		    break;
+		ti = ti2;
+	    }
+
+	    // If it's a member template
+	    ClassDeclaration *cd = ti->tempdecl->isClassMember();
+	    if (cd)
+	    {
+		error("cannot use template to add virtual function to class '%s'", cd->toChars());
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (isMain())
+    {
+	// Check parameters to see if they are either () or (char[][] args)
+	switch (nparams)
+	{
+	    case 0:
+		break;
+
+	    case 1:
+	    {
+		Argument *arg0 = Argument::getNth(f->parameters, 0);
+		if (arg0->type->ty != Tarray ||
+		    arg0->type->nextOf()->ty != Tarray ||
+		    arg0->type->nextOf()->nextOf()->ty != Tchar ||
+		    arg0->storageClass & (STCout | STCref | STClazy))
+		    goto Lmainerr;
+		break;
+	    }
+
+	    default:
+		goto Lmainerr;
+	}
+
+	if (!f->nextOf())
+	    error("must return int or void");
+	else if (f->nextOf()->ty != Tint32 && f->nextOf()->ty != Tvoid)
+	    error("must return int or void, not %s", f->nextOf()->toChars());
+	if (f->varargs)
+	{
+	Lmainerr:
+	    error("parameters must be main() or main(char[][] args)");
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (ident == Id::assign && (sd || cd))
+    {	// Disallow identity assignment operator.
+
+	// opAssign(...)
+	if (nparams == 0)
+	{   if (f->varargs == 1)
+		goto Lassignerr;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    Argument *arg0 = Argument::getNth(f->parameters, 0);
+	    Type *t0 = arg0->type->toBasetype();
+	    Type *tb = sd ? sd->type : cd->type;
+	    if (arg0->type->implicitConvTo(tb) ||
+		(sd && t0->ty == Tpointer && t0->nextOf()->implicitConvTo(tb))
+	       )
+	    {
+		if (nparams == 1)
+		    goto Lassignerr;
+		Argument *arg1 = Argument::getNth(f->parameters, 1);
+		if (arg1->defaultArg)
+		    goto Lassignerr;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (isVirtual())
+    {
+	/* Rewrite contracts as nested functions, then call them.
+	 * Doing it as nested functions means that overriding functions
+	 * can call them.
+	 */
+	if (frequire)
+	{   /*   in { ... }
+	     * becomes:
+	     *   void __require() { ... }
+	     *   __require();
+	     */
+	    Loc loc = frequire->loc;
+	    TypeFunction *tf = new TypeFunction(NULL, Type::tvoid, 0, LINKd);
+	    FuncDeclaration *fd = new FuncDeclaration(loc, loc,
+		Id::require, STCundefined, tf);
+	    fd->fbody = frequire;
+	    Statement *s1 = new DeclarationStatement(loc, fd);
+	    Expression *e = new CallExp(loc, new VarExp(loc, fd), (Expressions *)NULL);
+	    Statement *s2 = new ExpStatement(loc, e);
+	    frequire = new CompoundStatement(loc, s1, s2);
+	    fdrequire = fd;
+	}
+
+	if (fensure)
+	{   /*   out (result) { ... }
+	     * becomes:
+	     *   tret __ensure(ref tret result) { ... }
+	     *   __ensure(result);
+	     */
+	    if (!outId && f->nextOf()->toBasetype()->ty != Tvoid)
+		outId = Id::result;	// provide a default
+
+	    Loc loc = fensure->loc;
+	    Arguments *arguments = new Arguments();
+	    Argument *a = NULL;
+	    if (outId)
+	    {	a = new Argument(STCref, f->nextOf(), outId, NULL);
+		arguments->push(a);
+	    }
+	    TypeFunction *tf = new TypeFunction(arguments, Type::tvoid, 0, LINKd);
+	    FuncDeclaration *fd = new FuncDeclaration(loc, loc,
+		Id::ensure, STCundefined, tf);
+	    fd->fbody = fensure;
+	    Statement *s1 = new DeclarationStatement(loc, fd);
+	    Expression *eresult = NULL;
+	    if (outId)
+		eresult = new IdentifierExp(loc, outId);
+	    Expression *e = new CallExp(loc, new VarExp(loc, fd), eresult);
+	    Statement *s2 = new ExpStatement(loc, e);
+	    fensure = new CompoundStatement(loc, s1, s2);
+	    fdensure = fd;
+	}
+    }
+
+Ldone:
+    /* Save scope for possible later use (if we need the
+     * function internals)
+     */
+    scope = new Scope(*sc);
+    scope->setNoFree();
+    return;
+
+Lassignerr:
+    error("identity assignment operator overload is illegal");
+}
+
+void FuncDeclaration::semantic2(Scope *sc)
+{
+}
+
+// Do the semantic analysis on the internals of the function.
+
+void FuncDeclaration::semantic3(Scope *sc)
+{   TypeFunction *f;
+    VarDeclaration *argptr = NULL;
+    VarDeclaration *_arguments = NULL;
+
+    if (!parent)
+    {
+	if (global.errors)
+	    return;
+	//printf("FuncDeclaration::semantic3(%s '%s', sc = %p)\n", kind(), toChars(), sc);
+	assert(0);
+    }
+    //printf("FuncDeclaration::semantic3('%s.%s', sc = %p, loc = %s)\n", parent->toChars(), toChars(), sc, loc.toChars());
+    //fflush(stdout);
+    //printf("storage class = x%x %x\n", sc->stc, storage_class);
+    //{ static int x; if (++x == 2) *(char*)0=0; }
+    //printf("\tlinkage = %d\n", sc->linkage);
+
+    //printf(" sc->incontract = %d\n", sc->incontract);
+    if (semanticRun >= 3)
+	return;
+    semanticRun = 3;
+
+    // LDC
+    if (!global.params.useAvailableExternally)
+        availableExternally = false;
+
+    if (!type || type->ty != Tfunction)
+	return;
+    f = (TypeFunction *)(type);
+
+    // Check the 'throws' clause
+    if (fthrows)
+    {
+	for (int i = 0; i < fthrows->dim; i++)
+	{
+	    Type *t = (Type *)fthrows->data[i];
+
+	    t = t->semantic(loc, sc);
+	    if (!t->isClassHandle())
+		error("can only throw classes, not %s", t->toChars());
+	}
+    }
+
+    frequire = mergeFrequire(frequire);
+    fensure = mergeFensure(fensure);
+
+    if (fbody || frequire)
+    {
+	/* Symbol table into which we place parameters and nested functions,
+	 * solely to diagnose name collisions.
+	 */
+	localsymtab = new DsymbolTable();
+
+	// Establish function scope
+	ScopeDsymbol *ss = new ScopeDsymbol();
+	ss->parent = sc->scopesym;
+	Scope *sc2 = sc->push(ss);
+	sc2->func = this;
+	sc2->parent = this;
+	sc2->callSuper = 0;
+	sc2->sbreak = NULL;
+	sc2->scontinue = NULL;
+	sc2->sw = NULL;
+	sc2->fes = fes;
+	sc2->linkage = LINKd;
+	sc2->stc &= ~(STCauto | STCscope | STCstatic | STCabstract | STCdeprecated | STCfinal);
+	sc2->protection = PROTpublic;
+	sc2->explicitProtection = 0;
+	sc2->structalign = 8;
+	sc2->incontract = 0;
+	sc2->enclosingFinally = NULL;
+	sc2->enclosingScopeExit = NULL;
+	sc2->noctor = 0;
+
+	// Declare 'this'
+	AggregateDeclaration *ad = isThis();
+	if (ad)
+	{   VarDeclaration *v;
+
+	    if (isFuncLiteralDeclaration() && isNested())
+	    {
+		error("literals cannot be class members");
+		return;
+	    }
+	    else
+	    {
+		assert(!isNested());	// can't be both member and nested
+		assert(ad->handle);
+		v = new ThisDeclaration(loc, ad->handle);
+		v->storage_class |= STCparameter | STCin;
+		v->semantic(sc2);
+		if (!sc2->insert(v))
+		    assert(0);
+		v->parent = this;
+		vthis = v;
+	    }
+	}
+	else if (isNested())
+	{
+	    /* The 'this' for a nested function is the link to the
+	     * enclosing function's stack frame.
+	     * Note that nested functions and member functions are disjoint.
+	     */
+	    VarDeclaration *v = new ThisDeclaration(loc, Type::tvoid->pointerTo());
+	    v->storage_class |= STCparameter | STCin;
+	    v->semantic(sc2);
+	    if (!sc2->insert(v))
+		assert(0);
+	    v->parent = this;
+	    vthis = v;
+	}
+
+	// Declare hidden variable _arguments[] and _argptr
+	if (f->varargs == 1)
+	{
+#if TARGET_NET
+        varArgs(sc2, f, argptr, _arguments);
+#else
+        Type *t;
+
+	    if (f->linkage == LINKd)
+	    {	// Declare _arguments[]
+#if BREAKABI
+		v_arguments = new VarDeclaration(0, Type::typeinfotypelist->type, Id::_arguments_typeinfo, NULL);
+		v_arguments->storage_class = STCparameter | STCin;
+		v_arguments->semantic(sc2);
+		sc2->insert(v_arguments);
+		v_arguments->parent = this;
+
+		t = Type::typeinfo->type->arrayOf();
+		_arguments = new VarDeclaration(0, t, Id::_arguments, NULL);
+		_arguments->semantic(sc2);
+		sc2->insert(_arguments);
+		_arguments->parent = this;
+#else
+		t = Type::typeinfo->type->arrayOf();
+		v_arguments = new VarDeclaration(0, t, Id::_arguments, NULL);
+		v_arguments->storage_class = STCparameter | STCin;
+		v_arguments->semantic(sc2);
+		sc2->insert(v_arguments);
+		v_arguments->parent = this;
+#endif
+	    }
+	    if (f->linkage == LINKd || (parameters && parameters->dim))
+	    {	// Declare _argptr
+#if IN_GCC
+		t = d_gcc_builtin_va_list_d_type;
+#else
+		t = Type::tvoid->pointerTo();
+#endif
+		argptr = new VarDeclaration(0, t, Id::_argptr, NULL);
+		argptr->semantic(sc2);
+		sc2->insert(argptr);
+		argptr->parent = this;
+	    }
+#endif
+	}
+
+#if IN_LLVM
+        // LDC make sure argument type is semanticed.
+        // Turns TypeTuple!(int, int) into two int parameters, for instance.
+        if (f->parameters)
+        {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < Argument::dim(f->parameters); i++)
+	    {	Argument *arg = (Argument *)Argument::getNth(f->parameters, i);
+                Type* nw = arg->type->semantic(0, sc);
+                if (arg->type != nw) {
+                    arg->type = nw;
+                    // Examine this index again.
+                    // This is important if it turned into a tuple.
+                    // In particular, the empty tuple should be handled or the
+                    // next parameter will be skipped.
+                    // FIXME: Maybe we only need to do this for tuples,
+                    //        and can add tuple.length after decrement?
+                    i--;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+
+	// Propagate storage class from tuple parameters to their element-parameters.
+	if (f->parameters)
+	{
+	    for (size_t i = 0; i < f->parameters->dim; i++)
+	    {	Argument *arg = (Argument *)f->parameters->data[i];
+
+		//printf("[%d] arg->type->ty = %d %s\n", i, arg->type->ty, arg->type->toChars());
+		if (arg->type->ty == Ttuple)
+		{   TypeTuple *t = (TypeTuple *)arg->type;
+		    size_t dim = Argument::dim(t->arguments);
+		    for (size_t j = 0; j < dim; j++)
+		    {	Argument *narg = Argument::getNth(t->arguments, j);
+			narg->storageClass = arg->storageClass;
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+
+	/* Declare all the function parameters as variables
+	 * and install them in parameters[]
+	 */
+	size_t nparams = Argument::dim(f->parameters);
+	if (nparams)
+	{   /* parameters[] has all the tuples removed, as the back end
+	     * doesn't know about tuples
+	     */
+	    parameters = new Dsymbols();
+	    parameters->reserve(nparams);
+	    for (size_t i = 0; i < nparams; i++)
+	    {
+		Argument *arg = Argument::getNth(f->parameters, i);
+		Identifier *id = arg->ident;
+		if (!id)
+		{
+		    /* Generate identifier for un-named parameter,
+		     * because we need it later on.
+		     */
+		    arg->ident = id = Identifier::generateId("_param_", i);
+		}
+		Type *vtype = arg->type;
+		VarDeclaration *v = new VarDeclaration(loc, vtype, id, NULL);
+		//printf("declaring parameter %s of type %s\n", v->toChars(), v->type->toChars());
+		v->storage_class |= STCparameter;
+		if (f->varargs == 2 && i + 1 == nparams)
+		    v->storage_class |= STCvariadic;
+		v->storage_class |= arg->storageClass & (STCin | STCout | STCref | STClazy);
+		if (v->storage_class & STClazy)
+		    v->storage_class |= STCin;
+		v->semantic(sc2);
+		if (!sc2->insert(v))
+		    error("parameter %s.%s is already defined", toChars(), v->toChars());
+		else
+		    parameters->push(v);
+		localsymtab->insert(v);
+		v->parent = this;
+	    }
+	}
+
+	// Declare the tuple symbols and put them in the symbol table,
+	// but not in parameters[].
+	if (f->parameters)
+	{
+	    for (size_t i = 0; i < f->parameters->dim; i++)
+	    {	Argument *arg = (Argument *)f->parameters->data[i];
+
+		if (!arg->ident)
+		    continue;			// never used, so ignore
+		if (arg->type->ty == Ttuple)
+		{   TypeTuple *t = (TypeTuple *)arg->type;
+		    size_t dim = Argument::dim(t->arguments);
+		    Objects *exps = new Objects();
+		    exps->setDim(dim);
+		    for (size_t j = 0; j < dim; j++)
+		    {	Argument *narg = Argument::getNth(t->arguments, j);
+			assert(narg->ident);
+			VarDeclaration *v = sc2->search(0, narg->ident, NULL)->isVarDeclaration();
+			assert(v);
+			Expression *e = new VarExp(v->loc, v);
+			exps->data[j] = (void *)e;
+		    }
+		    assert(arg->ident);
+		    TupleDeclaration *v = new TupleDeclaration(loc, arg->ident, exps);
+		    //printf("declaring tuple %s\n", v->toChars());
+		    v->isexp = 1;
+		    if (!sc2->insert(v))
+			error("parameter %s.%s is already defined", toChars(), v->toChars());
+		    localsymtab->insert(v);
+		    v->parent = this;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+
+	/* Do the semantic analysis on the [in] preconditions and
+	 * [out] postconditions.
+	 */
+	sc2->incontract++;
+
+	if (frequire)
+	{   /* frequire is composed of the [in] contracts
+	     */
+	    // BUG: need to error if accessing out parameters
+	    // BUG: need to treat parameters as const
+	    // BUG: need to disallow returns and throws
+	    // BUG: verify that all in and ref parameters are read
+	    frequire = frequire->semantic(sc2);
+	    labtab = NULL;		// so body can't refer to labels
+	}
+
+	if (fensure || addPostInvariant())
+	{   /* fensure is composed of the [out] contracts
+	     */
+	    if (!type->nextOf())
+	    {	// Have to do semantic() on fbody first
+		error("post conditions are not supported if the return type is inferred");
+		return;
+	    }
+
+	    ScopeDsymbol *sym = new ScopeDsymbol();
+	    sym->parent = sc2->scopesym;
+	    sc2 = sc2->push(sym);
+
+	    assert(type->nextOf());
+	    if (type->nextOf()->ty == Tvoid)
+	    {
+		if (outId)
+		    error("void functions have no result");
+	    }
+	    else
+	    {
+		if (!outId)
+		    outId = Id::result;		// provide a default
+	    }
+
+	    if (outId)
+	    {	// Declare result variable
+		VarDeclaration *v;
+		Loc loc = this->loc;
+
+		if (fensure)
+		    loc = fensure->loc;
+
+		v = new VarDeclaration(loc, type->nextOf(), outId, NULL);
+		v->noscope = 1;
+#if DMDV2
+		if (f->isref)
+		{
+		    v->storage_class |= STCref | STCforeach;
+		}
+#endif
+		sc2->incontract--;
+		v->semantic(sc2);
+		sc2->incontract++;
+		if (!sc2->insert(v))
+		    error("out result %s is already defined", v->toChars());
+		v->parent = this;
+		vresult = v;
+
+		// vresult gets initialized with the function return value
+		// in ReturnStatement::semantic()
+	    }
+
+	    // BUG: need to treat parameters as const
+	    // BUG: need to disallow returns and throws
+	    if (fensure)
+	    {	fensure = fensure->semantic(sc2);
+		labtab = NULL;		// so body can't refer to labels
+	    }
+
+	    if (!global.params.useOut)
+	    {	fensure = NULL;		// discard
+		vresult = NULL;
+	    }
+
+	    // Postcondition invariant
+	    if (addPostInvariant())
+	    {
+		Expression *e = NULL;
+		if (isCtorDeclaration())
+		{
+		    // Call invariant directly only if it exists
+		    InvariantDeclaration *inv = ad->inv;
+		    ClassDeclaration *cd = ad->isClassDeclaration();
+
+		    while (!inv && cd)
+		    {
+			cd = cd->baseClass;
+			if (!cd)
+			    break;
+			inv = cd->inv;
+		    }
+		    if (inv)
+		    {
+			e = new DsymbolExp(0, inv);
+			e = new CallExp(0, e);
+			e = e->semantic(sc2);
+		    }
+		}
+		else
+		{   // Call invariant virtually
+		    Expression *v = new ThisExp(0);
+		    v->type = vthis->type;
+#if STRUCTTHISREF
+		    if (ad->isStructDeclaration())
+			v = v->addressOf(sc);
+#endif
+		    e = new AssertExp(0, v);
+		}
+		if (e)
+		{
+		    ExpStatement *s = new ExpStatement(0, e);
+		    if (fensure)
+			fensure = new CompoundStatement(0, s, fensure);
+		    else
+			fensure = s;
+		}
+	    }
+
+	    if (fensure)
+	    {	returnLabel = new LabelDsymbol(Id::returnLabel);
+		LabelStatement *ls = new LabelStatement(0, Id::returnLabel, fensure);
+		ls->isReturnLabel = 1;
+		returnLabel->statement = ls;
+	    }
+	    sc2 = sc2->pop();
+	}
+
+	sc2->incontract--;
+
+	if (fbody)
+	{   ClassDeclaration *cd = isClassMember();
+
+	    /* If this is a class constructor
+	     */
+	    if (isCtorDeclaration() && cd)
+	    {
+		for (int i = 0; i < cd->fields.dim; i++)
+		{   VarDeclaration *v = (VarDeclaration *)cd->fields.data[i];
+
+		    v->ctorinit = 0;
+		}
+	    }
+
+	    if (inferRetType || f->retStyle() != RETstack)
+		nrvo_can = 0;
+
+	    fbody = fbody->semantic(sc2);
+
+	    if (inferRetType)
+	    {	// If no return type inferred yet, then infer a void
+		if (!type->nextOf())
+		{
+		    ((TypeFunction *)type)->next = Type::tvoid;
+		    type = type->semantic(loc, sc);
+		}
+		f = (TypeFunction *)type;
+	    }
+
+	    int offend = fbody ? fbody->blockExit() & BEfallthru : TRUE;
+
+	    if (isStaticCtorDeclaration())
+	    {	/* It's a static constructor. Ensure that all
+		 * ctor consts were initialized.
+		 */
+
+		Dsymbol *p = toParent();
+		ScopeDsymbol *ad = p->isScopeDsymbol();
+		if (!ad)
+		{
+		    error("static constructor can only be member of struct/class/module, not %s %s", p->kind(), p->toChars());
+		}
+		else
+		{
+		    for (int i = 0; i < ad->members->dim; i++)
+		    {   Dsymbol *s = (Dsymbol *)ad->members->data[i];
+
+			s->checkCtorConstInit();
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+
+	    if (isCtorDeclaration() && cd)
+	    {
+		//printf("callSuper = x%x\n", sc2->callSuper);
+
+		// Verify that all the ctorinit fields got initialized
+		if (!(sc2->callSuper & CSXthis_ctor))
+		{
+		    for (int i = 0; i < cd->fields.dim; i++)
+		    {   VarDeclaration *v = (VarDeclaration *)cd->fields.data[i];
+
+			if (v->ctorinit == 0 && v->isCtorinit())
+			    error("missing initializer for const field %s", v->toChars());
+		    }
+		}
+
+		if (!(sc2->callSuper & CSXany_ctor) &&
+		    cd->baseClass && cd->baseClass->ctor)
+		{
+		    sc2->callSuper = 0;
+
+		    // Insert implicit super() at start of fbody
+		    Expression *e1 = new SuperExp(0);
+		    Expression *e = new CallExp(0, e1);
+
+		    unsigned errors = global.errors;
+		    global.gag++;
+		    e = e->semantic(sc2);
+		    global.gag--;
+		    if (errors != global.errors)
+			error("no match for implicit super() call in constructor");
+
+		    Statement *s = new ExpStatement(0, e);
+		    fbody = new CompoundStatement(0, s, fbody);
+		}
+	    }
+	    else if (fes)
+	    {	// For foreach(){} body, append a return 0;
+		Expression *e = new IntegerExp(0);
+		Statement *s = new ReturnStatement(0, e);
+		fbody = new CompoundStatement(0, fbody, s);
+		assert(!returnLabel);
+	    }
+	    else if (!hasReturnExp && type->nextOf()->ty != Tvoid)
+		error("expected to return a value of type %s", type->nextOf()->toChars());
+	    else if (!inlineAsm)
+	    {
+#if DMDV2
+		int blockexit = fbody ? fbody->blockExit() : BEfallthru;
+		if (f->isnothrow && blockexit & BEthrow)
+		    error("'%s' is nothrow yet may throw", toChars());
+
+		int offend = blockexit & BEfallthru;
+#endif
+		if (type->nextOf()->ty == Tvoid)
+		{
+		    if (offend && isMain())
+		    {	// Add a return 0; statement
+			Statement *s = new ReturnStatement(0, new IntegerExp(0));
+			fbody = new CompoundStatement(0, fbody, s);
+		    }
+		}
+		else
+		{
+		    if (offend)
+		    {   Expression *e;
+#if DMDV1
+			warning(loc, "no return exp; or assert(0); at end of function");
+#else
+			error("no return exp; or assert(0); at end of function");
+#endif
+			if (global.params.useAssert &&
+			    !global.params.useInline)
+			{   /* Add an assert(0, msg); where the missing return
+			     * should be.
+			     */
+			    e = new AssertExp(
+				  endloc,
+				  new IntegerExp(0),
+				  new StringExp(loc, (char *)"missing return expression")
+				);
+			}
+			else
+			    e = new HaltExp(endloc);
+			e = new CommaExp(0, e, type->nextOf()->defaultInit());
+			e = e->semantic(sc2);
+			Statement *s = new ExpStatement(0, e);
+			fbody = new CompoundStatement(0, fbody, s);
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+
+	{
+	    Statements *a = new Statements();
+
+	    // Merge in initialization of 'out' parameters
+	    if (parameters)
+	    {	for (size_t i = 0; i < parameters->dim; i++)
+		{
+		    VarDeclaration *v = (VarDeclaration *)parameters->data[i];
+		    if (v->storage_class & STCout)
+		    {
+			assert(v->init);
+			ExpInitializer *ie = v->init->isExpInitializer();
+			assert(ie);
+			a->push(new ExpStatement(0, ie->exp));
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+
+// we'll handle variadics ourselves
+#if !IN_LLVM
+	    if (argptr)
+	    {	// Initialize _argptr to point past non-variadic arg
+#if IN_GCC
+		// Handled in FuncDeclaration::toObjFile
+		v_argptr = argptr;
+		v_argptr->init = new VoidInitializer(loc);
+#else
+		Expression *e1;
+		Expression *e;
+		Type *t = argptr->type;
+		VarDeclaration *p;
+		unsigned offset;
+
+		e1 = new VarExp(0, argptr);
+		if (parameters && parameters->dim)
+		    p = (VarDeclaration *)parameters->data[parameters->dim - 1];
+		else
+		    p = v_arguments;		// last parameter is _arguments[]
+		if (p->storage_class & STClazy)
+		    // If the last parameter is lazy, it's the size of a delegate
+		    offset = PTRSIZE * 2;
+		else
+		    offset = p->type->size();
+		offset = (offset + 3) & ~3;	// assume stack aligns on 4
+		e = new SymOffExp(0, p, offset);
+		e = new AssignExp(0, e1, e);
+		e->type = t;
+		a->push(new ExpStatement(0, e));
+#endif // IN_GCC
+	    }
+
+	    if (_arguments)
+	    {
+		/* Advance to elements[] member of TypeInfo_Tuple with:
+		 *  _arguments = v_arguments.elements;
+		 */
+		Expression *e = new VarExp(0, v_arguments);
+		e = new DotIdExp(0, e, Id::elements);
+		Expression *e1 = new VarExp(0, _arguments);
+		e = new AssignExp(0, e1, e);
+		e->op = TOKconstruct;
+		e = e->semantic(sc2);
+		a->push(new ExpStatement(0, e));
+	    }
+
+#endif // !IN_LLVM
+
+	    // Merge contracts together with body into one compound statement
+
+#ifdef _DH
+	    if (frequire && global.params.useIn)
+	    {	frequire->incontract = 1;
+		a->push(frequire);
+	    }
+#else
+	    if (frequire && global.params.useIn)
+		a->push(frequire);
+#endif
+
+	    // Precondition invariant
+	    if (addPreInvariant())
+	    {
+		Expression *e = NULL;
+                Expression *ee = NULL;
+		if (isDtorDeclaration())
+		{
+		    // Call invariant directly only if it exists
+		    InvariantDeclaration *inv = ad->inv;
+		    ClassDeclaration *cd = ad->isClassDeclaration();
+
+		    while (!inv && cd)
+		    {
+			cd = cd->baseClass;
+			if (!cd)
+			    break;
+			inv = cd->inv;
+		    }
+		    if (inv)
+		    {
+			e = new DsymbolExp(0, inv);
+			e = new CallExp(0, e);
+			e = e->semantic(sc2);
+		    }
+		}
+		else
+		{   // Call invariant virtually
+                    // LDC: unless this is a struct without invariant
+                    StructDeclaration* sd = ad->isStructDeclaration();
+                    if (!sd || sd->inv)
+                    {
+                        ThisExp *v = new ThisExp(0);
+                        v->type = vthis->type;
+                        e = new AssertExp(loc, v, NULL);
+                    }
+
+                    // LDC: check for null this
+                    ThisExp* v = new ThisExp(0);
+                    v->type = vthis->type;
+#if STRUCTTHISREF
+		    if (ad->isStructDeclaration())
+			v = v->addressOf(sc);
+#endif                    
+                    v->var = vthis;
+
+                    NullExp *nv = new NullExp(0);
+                    nv->type = v->type;
+
+                    IdentityExp *ie = new IdentityExp(TOKnotidentity, 0, v, nv);
+                    ie->type = Type::tbool;
+
+		    Expression *se = new StringExp(0, (char *)"null this");
+		    se = se->semantic(sc);
+		    se->type = Type::tchar->arrayOf();
+
+		    ee = new AssertExp(loc, ie, se);
+		}
+                if (ee)
+                {
+                    ExpStatement *s = new ExpStatement(0, ee);
+                    a->push(s);
+                }
+		if (e)
+		{
+		    ExpStatement *s = new ExpStatement(0, e);
+		    a->push(s);
+		}
+	    }
+
+	    if (fbody)
+		a->push(fbody);
+
+	    if (fensure)
+	    {
+		a->push(returnLabel->statement);
+
+		if (type->nextOf()->ty != Tvoid)
+		{
+		    // Create: return vresult;
+		    assert(vresult);
+		    Expression *e = new VarExp(0, vresult);
+		    if (tintro)
+		    {	e = e->implicitCastTo(sc, tintro->nextOf());
+			e = e->semantic(sc);
+		    }
+		    ReturnStatement *s = new ReturnStatement(0, e);
+		    a->push(s);
+		}
+	    }
+
+	    fbody = new CompoundStatement(0, a);
+#if DMDV2
+	    /* Append destructor calls for parameters as finally blocks.
+	     */
+	    if (parameters)
+	    {	for (size_t i = 0; i < parameters->dim; i++)
+		{
+		    VarDeclaration *v = (VarDeclaration *)parameters->data[i];
+
+		    if (v->storage_class & (STCref | STCout))
+			continue;
+
+		    /* Don't do this for static arrays, since static
+		     * arrays are called by reference. Remove this
+		     * when we change them to call by value.
+		     */
+		    if (v->type->toBasetype()->ty == Tsarray)
+			continue;
+
+		    Expression *e = v->callAutoDtor(sc);
+		    if (e)
+		    {	Statement *s = new ExpStatement(0, e);
+			s = s->semantic(sc);
+			if (fbody->blockExit() == BEfallthru)
+			    fbody = new CompoundStatement(0, fbody, s);
+			else
+			    fbody = new TryFinallyStatement(0, fbody, s);
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+#endif
+
+	    // wrap body of synchronized functions in a synchronized statement
+	    if (isSynchronized())
+	    {
+		ClassDeclaration *cd = parent->isClassDeclaration();
+		if (!cd)
+		    error("synchronized function %s must be a member of a class", toChars());
+		    
+		Expression *sync;
+		if (isStatic())
+		{
+		    // static member functions synchronize on classinfo 
+		    sync = cd->type->dotExp(sc2, new TypeExp(loc, cd->type), Id::classinfo);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+		    // non-static member functions synchronize on this
+		    sync = new VarExp(loc, vthis);
+		}
+                
+		// we do not want to rerun semantics on the whole function, so we
+		// manually adjust all labels in the function that currently don't
+		// have an enclosingScopeExit to use the new SynchronizedStatement
+		SynchronizedStatement* s = new SynchronizedStatement(loc, sync, NULL);
+		s->semantic(sc2);
+		s->body = fbody;
+		
+		// LDC
+		LabelMap::iterator it, end = labmap.end();
+		for (it = labmap.begin(); it != end; ++it)
+		    if (it->second->enclosingScopeExit == NULL)
+			it->second->enclosingScopeExit = s;
+		
+		a = new Statements;
+		a->push(s);
+		fbody = new CompoundStatement(0, a);
+	    }
+	}
+
+	sc2->callSuper = 0;
+	sc2->pop();
+    }
+    semanticRun = 4;
+}
+
+void FuncDeclaration::toCBuffer(OutBuffer *buf, HdrGenState *hgs)
+{
+    //printf("FuncDeclaration::toCBuffer() '%s'\n", toChars());
+
+    type->toCBuffer(buf, ident, hgs);
+    bodyToCBuffer(buf, hgs);
+}
+
+
+void FuncDeclaration::bodyToCBuffer(OutBuffer *buf, HdrGenState *hgs)
+{
+    if (fbody &&
+	(!hgs->hdrgen || hgs->tpltMember || canInline(1,1))
+       )
+    {	buf->writenl();
+
+	// in{}
+	if (frequire)
+	{   buf->writestring("in");
+	    buf->writenl();
+	    frequire->toCBuffer(buf, hgs);
+	}
+
+	// out{}
+	if (fensure)
+	{   buf->writestring("out");
+	    if (outId)
+	    {   buf->writebyte('(');
+		buf->writestring(outId->toChars());
+		buf->writebyte(')');
+	    }
+	    buf->writenl();
+	    fensure->toCBuffer(buf, hgs);
+	}
+
+        if (frequire || fensure)
+	{   buf->writestring("body");
+	    buf->writenl();
+	}
+
+	buf->writebyte('{');
+	buf->writenl();
+	fbody->toCBuffer(buf, hgs);
+	buf->writebyte('}');
+	buf->writenl();
+    }
+    else
+    {	buf->writeByte(';');
+	buf->writenl();
+    }
+}
+
+/****************************************************
+ * Merge into this function the 'in' contracts of all it overrides.
+ * 'in's are OR'd together, i.e. only one of them needs to pass.
+ */
+
+Statement *FuncDeclaration::mergeFrequire(Statement *sf)
+{
+    /* Implementing this is done by having the overriding function call
+     * nested functions (the fdrequire functions) nested inside the overridden
+     * function. This requires that the stack layout of the calling function's
+     * parameters and 'this' pointer be in the same place (as the nested
+     * function refers to them).
+     * This is easy for the parameters, as they are all on the stack in the same
+     * place by definition, since it's an overriding function. The problem is
+     * getting the 'this' pointer in the same place, since it is a local variable.
+     * We did some hacks in the code generator to make this happen:
+     *	1. always generate exception handler frame, or at least leave space for it
+     *     in the frame (Windows 32 SEH only)
+     *	2. always generate an EBP style frame
+     *  3. since 'this' is passed in a register that is subsequently copied into
+     *     a stack local, allocate that local immediately following the exception
+     *     handler block, so it is always at the same offset from EBP.
+     */
+    for (int i = 0; i < foverrides.dim; i++)
+    {
+	FuncDeclaration *fdv = (FuncDeclaration *)foverrides.data[i];
+	sf = fdv->mergeFrequire(sf);
+	if (fdv->fdrequire)
+	{
+	    //printf("fdv->frequire: %s\n", fdv->frequire->toChars());
+	    /* Make the call:
+	     *   try { __require(); }
+	     *   catch { frequire; }
+	     */
+	    Expression *eresult = NULL;
+	    Expression *e = new CallExp(loc, new VarExp(loc, fdv->fdrequire), eresult);
+	    Statement *s2 = new ExpStatement(loc, e);
+
+	    if (sf)
+	    {	Catch *c = new Catch(loc, NULL, NULL, sf);
+		Array *catches = new Array();
+		catches->push(c);
+		sf = new TryCatchStatement(loc, s2, catches);
+	    }
+	    else
+		sf = s2;
+	}
+    }
+    return sf;
+}
+
+/****************************************************
+ * Merge into this function the 'out' contracts of all it overrides.
+ * 'out's are AND'd together, i.e. all of them need to pass.
+ */
+
+Statement *FuncDeclaration::mergeFensure(Statement *sf)
+{
+    /* Same comments as for mergeFrequire(), except that we take care
+     * of generating a consistent reference to the 'result' local by
+     * explicitly passing 'result' to the nested function as a reference
+     * argument.
+     * This won't work for the 'this' parameter as it would require changing
+     * the semantic code for the nested function so that it looks on the parameter
+     * list for the 'this' pointer, something that would need an unknown amount
+     * of tweaking of various parts of the compiler that I'd rather leave alone.
+     */
+    for (int i = 0; i < foverrides.dim; i++)
+    {
+	FuncDeclaration *fdv = (FuncDeclaration *)foverrides.data[i];
+	sf = fdv->mergeFensure(sf);
+	if (fdv->fdensure)
+	{
+	    //printf("fdv->fensure: %s\n", fdv->fensure->toChars());
+	    // Make the call: __ensure(result)
+	    Expression *eresult = NULL;
+	    if (outId)
+		eresult = new IdentifierExp(loc, outId);
+	    Expression *e = new CallExp(loc, new VarExp(loc, fdv->fdensure), eresult);
+	    Statement *s2 = new ExpStatement(loc, e);
+
+	    if (sf)
+	    {
+		sf = new CompoundStatement(fensure->loc, s2, sf);
+	    }
+	    else
+		sf = s2;
+	}
+    }
+    return sf;
+}
+
+/****************************************************
+ * Determine if 'this' overrides fd.
+ * Return !=0 if it does.
+ */
+
+int FuncDeclaration::overrides(FuncDeclaration *fd)
+{   int result = 0;
+
+    if (fd->ident == ident)
+    {
+	int cov = type->covariant(fd->type);
+	if (cov)
+	{   ClassDeclaration *cd1 = toParent()->isClassDeclaration();
+	    ClassDeclaration *cd2 = fd->toParent()->isClassDeclaration();
+
+	    if (cd1 && cd2 && cd2->isBaseOf(cd1, NULL))
+		result = 1;
+	}
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+/*************************************************
+ * Find index of function in vtbl[0..dim] that
+ * this function overrides.
+ * Returns:
+ *	-1	didn't find one
+ *	-2	can't determine because of forward references
+ */
+
+int FuncDeclaration::findVtblIndex(Array *vtbl, int dim)
+{
+    for (int vi = 0; vi < dim; vi++)
+    {
+	FuncDeclaration *fdv = ((Dsymbol *)vtbl->data[vi])->isFuncDeclaration();
+	if (fdv && fdv->ident == ident)
+	{
+	    int cov = type->covariant(fdv->type);
+	    //printf("\tbaseclass cov = %d\n", cov);
+	    switch (cov)
+	    {
+		case 0:		// types are distinct
+		    break;
+
+		case 1:
+		    return vi;
+
+		case 2:
+		    //type->print();
+		    //fdv->type->print();
+		    //printf("%s %s\n", type->deco, fdv->type->deco);
+		    error("of type %s overrides but is not covariant with %s of type %s",
+			type->toChars(), fdv->toPrettyChars(), fdv->type->toChars());
+		    break;
+
+		case 3:
+		    return -2;	// forward references
+
+		default:
+		    assert(0);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+/****************************************************
+ * Overload this FuncDeclaration with the new one f.
+ * Return !=0 if successful; i.e. no conflict.
+ */
+
+int FuncDeclaration::overloadInsert(Dsymbol *s)
+{
+    FuncDeclaration *f;
+    AliasDeclaration *a;
+
+    //printf("FuncDeclaration::overloadInsert(%s)\n", s->toChars());
+    a = s->isAliasDeclaration();
+    if (a)
+    {
+	if (overnext)
+	    return overnext->overloadInsert(a);
+	if (!a->aliassym && a->type->ty != Tident && a->type->ty != Tinstance)
+	{
+	    //printf("\ta = '%s'\n", a->type->toChars());
+	    return FALSE;
+	}
+	overnext = a;
+	//printf("\ttrue: no conflict\n");
+	return TRUE;
+    }
+    f = s->isFuncDeclaration();
+    if (!f)
+	return FALSE;
+
+    if (type && f->type &&	// can be NULL for overloaded constructors
+	f->type->covariant(type) &&
+	!isFuncAliasDeclaration())
+    {
+	//printf("\tfalse: conflict %s\n", kind());
+	return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    if (overnext)
+	return overnext->overloadInsert(f);
+    overnext = f;
+    //printf("\ttrue: no conflict\n");
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/********************************************
+ * Find function in overload list that exactly matches t.
+ */
+
+/***************************************************
+ * Visit each overloaded function in turn, and call
+ * (*fp)(param, f) on it.
+ * Exit when no more, or (*fp)(param, f) returns 1.
+ * Returns:
+ *	0	continue
+ *	1	done
+ */
+
+int overloadApply(Module* from, FuncDeclaration *fstart,
+	int (*fp)(void *, FuncDeclaration *),
+	void *param)
+{
+    FuncDeclaration *f;
+    Declaration *d;
+    Declaration *next;
+
+    for (d = fstart; d; d = next)
+    {	FuncAliasDeclaration *fa = d->isFuncAliasDeclaration();
+
+	if (fa)
+	{
+	    if (fa->getModule() == from || fa->importprot != PROTprivate)
+		if (overloadApply(from, fa->funcalias, fp, param))
+		    return 1;
+	    next = fa->overnext;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    AliasDeclaration *a = d->isAliasDeclaration();
+
+	    if (a)
+	    {
+		Dsymbol *s = a->toAlias();
+		next = s->isDeclaration();
+		if (next == a)
+		    break;
+		if (next == fstart)
+		    break;
+		if (a->importprot == PROTprivate && a->getModule() != from)
+		    if (FuncDeclaration* fd = next->isFuncDeclaration())
+			next = fd->overnext;
+	    }
+	    else
+	    {
+		f = d->isFuncDeclaration();
+		if (!f)
+		{   d->error("is aliased to a function");
+		    break;		// BUG: should print error message?
+		}
+		if ((*fp)(param, f))
+		    return 1;
+
+		next = f->overnext;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/********************************************
+ * If there are no overloads of function f, return that function,
+ * otherwise return NULL.
+ */
+
+static int fpunique(void *param, FuncDeclaration *f)
+{   FuncDeclaration **pf = (FuncDeclaration **)param;
+
+    if (*pf)
+    {	*pf = NULL;
+	return 1;		// ambiguous, done
+    }
+    else
+    {	*pf = f;
+	return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+FuncDeclaration *FuncDeclaration::isUnique()
+{   FuncDeclaration *result = NULL;
+
+    overloadApply(getModule(), this, &fpunique, &result);
+    return result;
+}
+
+/********************************************
+ * Find function in overload list that exactly matches t.
+ */
+
+struct Param1
+{
+    Type *t;		// type to match
+    FuncDeclaration *f;	// return value
+};
+
+int fp1(void *param, FuncDeclaration *f)
+{   Param1 *p = (Param1 *)param;
+    Type *t = p->t;
+
+    if (t->equals(f->type))
+    {	p->f = f;
+	return 1;
+    }
+
+#if DMDV2
+    /* Allow covariant matches, if it's just a const conversion
+     * of the return type
+     */
+    if (t->ty == Tfunction)
+    {   TypeFunction *tf = (TypeFunction *)f->type;
+	if (tf->covariant(t) == 1 &&
+	    tf->nextOf()->implicitConvTo(t->nextOf()) >= MATCHconst)
+	{
+	    p->f = f;
+	    return 1;
+	}
+    }
+#endif
+    return 0;
+}
+
+FuncDeclaration *FuncDeclaration::overloadExactMatch(Type *t, Module* from)
+{
+    Param1 p;
+    p.t = t;
+    p.f = NULL;
+    overloadApply(from, this, &fp1, &p);
+    return p.f;
+}
+
+#if 0
+FuncDeclaration *FuncDeclaration::overloadExactMatch(Type *t)
+{
+    FuncDeclaration *f;
+    Declaration *d;
+    Declaration *next;
+
+    for (d = this; d; d = next)
+    {	FuncAliasDeclaration *fa = d->isFuncAliasDeclaration();
+
+	if (fa)
+	{
+	    FuncDeclaration *f2 = fa->funcalias->overloadExactMatch(t);
+	    if (f2)
+		return f2;
+	    next = fa->overnext;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    AliasDeclaration *a = d->isAliasDeclaration();
+
+	    if (a)
+	    {
+		Dsymbol *s = a->toAlias();
+		next = s->isDeclaration();
+		if (next == a)
+		    break;
+	    }
+	    else
+	    {
+		f = d->isFuncDeclaration();
+		if (!f)
+		    break;		// BUG: should print error message?
+		if (t->equals(d->type))
+		    return f;
+		next = f->overnext;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+#endif
+
+/********************************************
+ * Decide which function matches the arguments best.
+ */
+
+struct Param2
+{
+    Match *m;
+    Expressions *arguments;
+};
+
+int fp2(void *param, FuncDeclaration *f)
+{   Param2 *p = (Param2 *)param;
+    Match *m = p->m;
+    Expressions *arguments = p->arguments;
+    MATCH match;
+
+    if (f != m->lastf)		// skip duplicates
+    {
+	m->anyf = f;
+	TypeFunction *tf = (TypeFunction *)f->type;
+	match = (MATCH) tf->callMatch(arguments);
+	//printf("1match = %d\n", match);
+	if (match != MATCHnomatch)
+	{
+	    if (match > m->last)
+		goto LfIsBetter;
+
+	    if (match < m->last)
+		goto LlastIsBetter;
+
+	    /* See if one of the matches overrides the other.
+	     */
+	    if (m->lastf->overrides(f))
+		goto LlastIsBetter;
+	    else if (f->overrides(m->lastf))
+		goto LfIsBetter;
+
+	Lambiguous:
+	    m->nextf = f;
+	    m->count++;
+	    return 0;
+
+	LfIsBetter:
+	    m->last = match;
+	    m->lastf = f;
+	    m->count = 1;
+	    return 0;
+
+	LlastIsBetter:
+	    return 0;
+	}
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+void overloadResolveX(Match *m, FuncDeclaration *fstart,
+	Expression *ethis, Expressions *arguments, Module *from)
+{
+    Param2 p;
+    p.m = m;
+    p.arguments = arguments;
+    overloadApply(from, fstart, &fp2, &p);
+}
+
+#if 0
+// Recursive helper function
+
+void overloadResolveX(Match *m, FuncDeclaration *fstart, Expressions *arguments)
+{
+    MATCH match;
+    Declaration *d;
+    Declaration *next;
+
+    for (d = fstart; d; d = next)
+    {
+	FuncDeclaration *f;
+	FuncAliasDeclaration *fa;
+	AliasDeclaration *a;
+
+	fa = d->isFuncAliasDeclaration();
+	if (fa)
+	{
+	    overloadResolveX(m, fa->funcalias, NULL, arguments);
+	    next = fa->overnext;
+	}
+	else if ((f = d->isFuncDeclaration()) != NULL)
+	{
+	    next = f->overnext;
+	    if (f == m->lastf)
+		continue;			// skip duplicates
+	    else
+	    {
+		TypeFunction *tf;
+
+		m->anyf = f;
+		tf = (TypeFunction *)f->type;
+		match = (MATCH) tf->callMatch(arguments);
+		//printf("2match = %d\n", match);
+		if (match != MATCHnomatch)
+		{
+		    if (match > m->last)
+			goto LfIsBetter;
+
+		    if (match < m->last)
+			goto LlastIsBetter;
+
+		    /* See if one of the matches overrides the other.
+		     */
+		    if (m->lastf->overrides(f))
+			goto LlastIsBetter;
+		    else if (f->overrides(m->lastf))
+			goto LfIsBetter;
+
+		Lambiguous:
+		    m->nextf = f;
+		    m->count++;
+		    continue;
+
+		LfIsBetter:
+		    m->last = match;
+		    m->lastf = f;
+		    m->count = 1;
+		    continue;
+
+		LlastIsBetter:
+		    continue;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	else if ((a = d->isAliasDeclaration()) != NULL)
+	{
+	    Dsymbol *s = a->toAlias();
+	    next = s->isDeclaration();
+	    if (next == a)
+		break;
+	    if (next == fstart)
+		break;
+	}
+	else
+	{   d->error("is aliased to a function");
+	    break;
+	}
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+FuncDeclaration *FuncDeclaration::overloadResolve(Loc loc, Expression *ethis, Expressions *arguments, Module *from, int flags)
+{
+    TypeFunction *tf;
+    Match m;
+
+#if 0
+printf("FuncDeclaration::overloadResolve('%s')\n", toChars());
+if (arguments)
+{   int i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < arguments->dim; i++)
+    {   Expression *arg;
+
+	arg = (Expression *)arguments->data[i];
+	assert(arg->type);
+	printf("\t%s: ", arg->toChars());
+	arg->type->print();
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+    memset(&m, 0, sizeof(m));
+    m.last = MATCHnomatch;
+    overloadResolveX(&m, this, NULL, arguments, from);
+
+    if (m.count == 1)		// exactly one match
+    {
+	return m.lastf;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	OutBuffer buf;
+
+	if (arguments)
+	{
+	    HdrGenState hgs;
+
+	    argExpTypesToCBuffer(&buf, arguments, &hgs);
+	}
+
+	if (m.last == MATCHnomatch)
+	{
+	    tf = (TypeFunction *)type;
+
+	    //printf("tf = %s, args = %s\n", tf->deco, ((Expression *)arguments->data[0])->type->deco);
+	    error(loc, "%s does not match parameter types (%s)",
+		Argument::argsTypesToChars(tf->parameters, tf->varargs),
+		buf.toChars());
+	    return m.anyf;		// as long as it's not a FuncAliasDeclaration
+	}
+	else
+	{
+#if 1
+	    TypeFunction *t1 = (TypeFunction *)m.lastf->type;
+	    TypeFunction *t2 = (TypeFunction *)m.nextf->type;
+
+	    error(loc, "called with argument types:\n\t(%s)\nmatches both:\n\t%s%s\nand:\n\t%s%s",
+		    buf.toChars(),
+		    m.lastf->toPrettyChars(), Argument::argsTypesToChars(t1->parameters, t1->varargs),
+		    m.nextf->toPrettyChars(), Argument::argsTypesToChars(t2->parameters, t2->varargs));
+#else
+	    error(loc, "overloads %s and %s both match argument list for %s",
+		    m.lastf->type->toChars(),
+		    m.nextf->type->toChars(),
+		    m.lastf->toChars());
+#endif
+	    return m.lastf;
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+/********************************
+ * Labels are in a separate scope, one per function.
+ */
+
+LabelDsymbol *FuncDeclaration::searchLabel(Identifier *ident)
+{   Dsymbol *s;
+
+    if (!labtab)
+	labtab = new DsymbolTable();	// guess we need one
+
+    s = labtab->lookup(ident);
+    if (!s)
+    {
+	s = new LabelDsymbol(ident);
+	labtab->insert(s);
+    }
+    return (LabelDsymbol *)s;
+}
+
+/****************************************
+ * If non-static member function that has a 'this' pointer,
+ * return the aggregate it is a member of.
+ * Otherwise, return NULL.
+ */
+
+AggregateDeclaration *FuncDeclaration::isThis()
+{   AggregateDeclaration *ad;
+
+    //printf("+FuncDeclaration::isThis() '%s'\n", toChars());
+    ad = NULL;
+    if ((storage_class & STCstatic) == 0)
+    {
+	ad = isMember2();
+    }
+    //printf("-FuncDeclaration::isThis() %p\n", ad);
+    return ad;
+}
+
+AggregateDeclaration *FuncDeclaration::isMember2()
+{   AggregateDeclaration *ad;
+
+    //printf("+FuncDeclaration::isMember2() '%s'\n", toChars());
+    ad = NULL;
+    for (Dsymbol *s = this; s; s = s->parent)
+    {
+//printf("\ts = '%s', parent = '%s', kind = %s\n", s->toChars(), s->parent->toChars(), s->parent->kind());
+	ad = s->isMember();
+	if (ad)
+{   //printf("test4\n");
+	    break;
+}
+	if (!s->parent ||
+	    (!s->parent->isTemplateInstance()))
+{   //printf("test5\n");
+	    break;
+}
+    }
+    //printf("-FuncDeclaration::isMember2() %p\n", ad);
+    return ad;
+}
+
+/*****************************************
+ * Determine lexical level difference from 'this' to nested function 'fd'.
+ * Error if this cannot call fd.
+ * Returns:
+ *	0	same level
+ *	-1	increase nesting by 1 (fd is nested within 'this')
+ *	>0	decrease nesting by number
+ */
+
+int FuncDeclaration::getLevel(Loc loc, FuncDeclaration *fd)
+{   int level;
+    Dsymbol *s;
+    Dsymbol *fdparent;
+
+    //printf("FuncDeclaration::getLevel(fd = '%s')\n", fd->toChars());
+    fdparent = fd->toParent2();
+    if (fdparent == this)
+	return -1;
+    s = this;
+    level = 0;
+    while (fd != s && fdparent != s->toParent2())
+    {
+	//printf("\ts = '%s'\n", s->toChars());
+	FuncDeclaration *thisfd = s->isFuncDeclaration();
+	if (thisfd)
+	{   if (!thisfd->isNested() && !thisfd->vthis)
+		goto Lerr;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    ClassDeclaration *thiscd = s->isClassDeclaration();
+	    if (thiscd)
+	    {	if (!thiscd->isNested())
+		    goto Lerr;
+	    }
+	    else
+		goto Lerr;
+	}
+
+	s = s->toParent2();
+	assert(s);
+	level++;
+    }
+    return level;
+
+Lerr:
+    error(loc, "cannot access frame of function %s", fd->toChars());
+    return 1;
+}
+
+void FuncDeclaration::appendExp(Expression *e)
+{   Statement *s;
+
+    s = new ExpStatement(0, e);
+    appendState(s);
+}
+
+void FuncDeclaration::appendState(Statement *s)
+{   CompoundStatement *cs;
+
+    if (!fbody)
+    {	Statements *a;
+
+	a = new Statements();
+	fbody = new CompoundStatement(0, a);
+    }
+    cs = fbody->isCompoundStatement();
+    cs->statements->push(s);
+}
+
+const char *FuncDeclaration::toPrettyChars()
+{
+    if (isMain())
+	return "D main";
+    else
+	return Dsymbol::toPrettyChars();
+}
+
+int FuncDeclaration::isMain()
+{
+    return ident == Id::main &&
+	linkage != LINKc && !isMember() && !isNested();
+}
+
+int FuncDeclaration::isWinMain()
+{
+    //printf("FuncDeclaration::isWinMain() %s\n", toChars());
+#if 0
+    int x = ident == Id::WinMain &&
+	linkage != LINKc && !isMember();
+    printf("%s\n", x ? "yes" : "no");
+    return x;
+#else
+    return ident == Id::WinMain &&
+	linkage != LINKc && !isMember();
+#endif
+}
+
+int FuncDeclaration::isDllMain()
+{
+    return ident == Id::DllMain &&
+	linkage != LINKc && !isMember();
+}
+
+int FuncDeclaration::isExport()
+{
+    return protection == PROTexport;
+}
+
+int FuncDeclaration::isImportedSymbol()
+{
+    //printf("isImportedSymbol()\n");
+    //printf("protection = %d\n", protection);
+    return (protection == PROTexport) && !fbody;
+}
+
+// Determine if function goes into virtual function pointer table
+
+int FuncDeclaration::isVirtual()
+{
+#if 0
+    printf("FuncDeclaration::isVirtual(%s)\n", toChars());
+    printf("%p %d %d %d %d\n", isMember(), isStatic(), protection == PROTprivate, isCtorDeclaration(), linkage != LINKd);
+    printf("result is %d\n",
+	isMember() &&
+	!(isStatic() || protection == PROTprivate || protection == PROTpackage) &&
+	toParent()->isClassDeclaration());
+#endif
+    return isMember() &&
+	!(isStatic() || protection == PROTprivate || protection == PROTpackage) &&
+	toParent()->isClassDeclaration();
+}
+
+int FuncDeclaration::isFinal()
+{
+    ClassDeclaration *cd;
+#if 0
+    printf("FuncDeclaration::isFinal(%s)\n", toChars());
+    printf("%p %d %d %d %d\n", isMember(), isStatic(), protection == PROTprivate, isCtorDeclaration(), linkage != LINKd);
+    printf("result is %d\n",
+	isMember() &&
+	!(isStatic() || protection == PROTprivate || protection == PROTpackage) &&
+	(cd = toParent()->isClassDeclaration()) != NULL &&
+	cd->storage_class & STCfinal);
+#endif
+    return isMember() &&
+	(Declaration::isFinal() ||
+	 ((cd = toParent()->isClassDeclaration()) != NULL && cd->storage_class & STCfinal));
+}
+
+int FuncDeclaration::isAbstract()
+{
+    return storage_class & STCabstract;
+}
+
+int FuncDeclaration::isCodeseg()
+{
+    return TRUE;		// functions are always in the code segment
+}
+
+// Determine if function needs
+// a static frame pointer to its lexically enclosing function
+
+int FuncDeclaration::isNested()
+{
+    //if (!toParent())
+	//printf("FuncDeclaration::isNested('%s') parent=%p\n", toChars(), parent);
+    //printf("\ttoParent() = '%s'\n", toParent()->toChars());
+    return ((storage_class & STCstatic) == 0) && toParent2() &&
+	   (toParent2()->isFuncDeclaration() != NULL);
+}
+
+int FuncDeclaration::needThis()
+{
+    //printf("FuncDeclaration::needThis() '%s'\n", toChars());
+    int i = isThis() != NULL;
+    //printf("\t%d\n", i);
+    if (!i && isFuncAliasDeclaration())
+	i = ((FuncAliasDeclaration *)this)->funcalias->needThis();
+    return i;
+}
+
+int FuncDeclaration::addPreInvariant()
+{
+    AggregateDeclaration *ad = isThis();
+    return (ad &&
+	    //ad->isClassDeclaration() &&
+	    global.params.useInvariants &&
+	    (protection == PROTpublic || protection == PROTexport) &&
+	    !naked);
+}
+
+int FuncDeclaration::addPostInvariant()
+{
+    AggregateDeclaration *ad = isThis();
+    return (ad &&
+	    ad->inv &&
+	    //ad->isClassDeclaration() &&
+	    global.params.useInvariants &&
+	    (protection == PROTpublic || protection == PROTexport) &&
+	    !naked);
+}
+
+/**********************************
+ * Generate a FuncDeclaration for a runtime library function.
+ */
+
+//
+// LDC: Adjusted to give argument info to the runtime function decl.
+//
+
+FuncDeclaration *FuncDeclaration::genCfunc(Arguments *args, Type *treturn, const char *name)
+{
+    return genCfunc(args, treturn, Lexer::idPool(name));
+}
+
+FuncDeclaration *FuncDeclaration::genCfunc(Arguments *args, Type *treturn, Identifier *id)
+{
+    FuncDeclaration *fd;
+    TypeFunction *tf;
+    Dsymbol *s;
+    static DsymbolTable *st = NULL;
+
+    //printf("genCfunc(name = '%s')\n", id->toChars());
+    //printf("treturn\n\t"); treturn->print();
+
+    // See if already in table
+    if (!st)
+	st = new DsymbolTable();
+    s = st->lookup(id);
+    if (s)
+    {
+	fd = s->isFuncDeclaration();
+	assert(fd);
+	assert(fd->type->nextOf()->equals(treturn));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	tf = new TypeFunction(args, treturn, 0, LINKc);
+	fd = new FuncDeclaration(0, 0, id, STCstatic, tf);
+	fd->protection = PROTpublic;
+	fd->linkage = LINKc;
+
+	st->insert(fd);
+    }
+    return fd;
+}
+
+const char *FuncDeclaration::kind()
+{
+    return "function";
+}
+
+/*******************************
+ * Look at all the variables in this function that are referenced
+ * by nested functions, and determine if a closure needs to be
+ * created for them.
+ */
+
+#if DMDV2
+int FuncDeclaration::needsClosure()
+{
+    /* Need a closure for all the closureVars[] if any of the
+     * closureVars[] are accessed by a
+     * function that escapes the scope of this function.
+     * We take the conservative approach and decide that any function that:
+     * 1) is a virtual function
+     * 2) has its address taken
+     * 3) has a parent that escapes
+     *
+     * Note that since a non-virtual function can be called by
+     * a virtual one, if that non-virtual function accesses a closure
+     * var, the closure still has to be taken. Hence, we check for isThis()
+     * instead of isVirtual(). (thanks to David Friedman)
+     */
+
+    //printf("FuncDeclaration::needsClosure() %s\n", toChars());
+    for (int i = 0; i < closureVars.dim; i++)
+    {	VarDeclaration *v = (VarDeclaration *)closureVars.data[i];
+	assert(v->isVarDeclaration());
+	//printf("\tv = %s\n", v->toChars());
+
+	for (int j = 0; j < v->nestedrefs.dim; j++)
+	{   FuncDeclaration *f = (FuncDeclaration *)v->nestedrefs.data[j];
+	    assert(f != this);
+
+	    //printf("\t\tf = %s, %d, %d\n", f->toChars(), f->isVirtual(), f->tookAddressOf);
+	    if (f->isThis() || f->tookAddressOf)
+		goto Lyes;	// assume f escapes this function's scope
+
+	    // Look to see if any parents of f that are below this escape
+	    for (Dsymbol *s = f->parent; s && s != this; s = s->parent)
+	    {
+		f = s->isFuncDeclaration();
+		if (f && (f->isThis() || f->tookAddressOf))
+		    goto Lyes;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    return 0;
+
+Lyes:
+    //printf("\tneeds closure\n");
+    return 1;
+}
+#endif
+
+/****************************** FuncAliasDeclaration ************************/
+
+// Used as a way to import a set of functions from another scope into this one.
+
+FuncAliasDeclaration::FuncAliasDeclaration(FuncDeclaration *funcalias)
+    : FuncDeclaration(funcalias->loc, funcalias->endloc, funcalias->ident,
+	(enum STC)funcalias->storage_class, funcalias->type)
+{
+    assert(funcalias != this);
+    this->funcalias = funcalias;
+    importprot = PROTundefined;
+}
+
+const char *FuncAliasDeclaration::kind()
+{
+    return "function alias";
+}
+
+
+/****************************** FuncLiteralDeclaration ************************/
+
+FuncLiteralDeclaration::FuncLiteralDeclaration(Loc loc, Loc endloc, Type *type,
+	enum TOK tok, ForeachStatement *fes)
+    : FuncDeclaration(loc, endloc, NULL, STCundefined, type)
+{
+    const char *id;
+
+    if (fes)
+	id = "__foreachbody";
+    else if (tok == TOKdelegate)
+	id = "__dgliteral";
+    else
+	id = "__funcliteral";
+    this->ident = Identifier::generateId(id);
+    this->tok = tok;
+    this->fes = fes;
+    //printf("FuncLiteralDeclaration() id = '%s', type = '%s'\n", this->ident->toChars(), type->toChars());
+}
+
+Dsymbol *FuncLiteralDeclaration::syntaxCopy(Dsymbol *s)
+{
+    FuncLiteralDeclaration *f;
+
+    //printf("FuncLiteralDeclaration::syntaxCopy('%s')\n", toChars());
+    if (s)
+	f = (FuncLiteralDeclaration *)s;
+    else
+	f = new FuncLiteralDeclaration(loc, endloc, type->syntaxCopy(), tok, fes);
+    FuncDeclaration::syntaxCopy(f);
+    return f;
+}
+
+int FuncLiteralDeclaration::isNested()
+{
+    //printf("FuncLiteralDeclaration::isNested() '%s'\n", toChars());
+    return (tok == TOKdelegate);
+}
+
+int FuncLiteralDeclaration::isVirtual()
+{
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+const char *FuncLiteralDeclaration::kind()
+{
+    // GCC requires the (char*) casts
+    return (tok == TOKdelegate) ? (char*)"delegate" : (char*)"function";
+}
+
+void FuncLiteralDeclaration::toCBuffer(OutBuffer *buf, HdrGenState *hgs)
+{
+    static Identifier *idfunc;
+    static Identifier *iddel;
+
+    if (!idfunc)
+	idfunc = new Identifier("function", 0);
+    if (!iddel)
+	iddel = new Identifier("delegate", 0);
+
+    type->toCBuffer(buf, ((tok == TOKdelegate) ? iddel : idfunc), hgs);
+    bodyToCBuffer(buf, hgs);
+}
+
+
+/********************************* CtorDeclaration ****************************/
+
+CtorDeclaration::CtorDeclaration(Loc loc, Loc endloc, Arguments *arguments, int varargs)
+    : FuncDeclaration(loc, endloc, Id::ctor, STCundefined, NULL)
+{
+    this->arguments = arguments;
+    this->varargs = varargs;
+    //printf("CtorDeclaration(loc = %s) %s\n", loc.toChars(), toChars());
+}
+
+Dsymbol *CtorDeclaration::syntaxCopy(Dsymbol *s)
+{
+    CtorDeclaration *f;
+
+    f = new CtorDeclaration(loc, endloc, NULL, varargs);
+
+    f->outId = outId;
+    f->frequire = frequire ? frequire->syntaxCopy() : NULL;
+    f->fensure  = fensure  ? fensure->syntaxCopy()  : NULL;
+    f->fbody    = fbody    ? fbody->syntaxCopy()    : NULL;
+    assert(!fthrows); // deprecated
+
+    f->arguments = Argument::arraySyntaxCopy(arguments);
+    return f;
+}
+
+
+void CtorDeclaration::semantic(Scope *sc)
+{
+    ClassDeclaration *cd;
+    Type *tret;
+
+    //printf("CtorDeclaration::semantic()\n");
+    if (type)
+	return;
+
+    sc = sc->push();
+    sc->stc &= ~STCstatic;		// not a static constructor
+
+    parent = sc->parent;
+    Dsymbol *parent = toParent();
+    cd = parent->isClassDeclaration();
+    if (!cd)
+    {
+	error("constructors are only for class definitions");
+	fatal();
+	tret = Type::tvoid;
+    }
+    else
+	tret = cd->type; //->referenceTo();
+    type = new TypeFunction(arguments, tret, varargs, LINKd);
+#if STRUCTTHISREF
+    if (ad && ad->isStructDeclaration())
+	((TypeFunction *)type)->isref = 1;
+#endif
+    if (!originalType)
+	originalType = type;
+
+    sc->flags |= SCOPEctor;
+    type = type->semantic(loc, sc);
+    sc->flags &= ~SCOPEctor;
+
+    // Append:
+    //	return this;
+    // to the function body
+    if (fbody)
+    {
+	Expression *e = new ThisExp(loc);
+	Statement *s = new ReturnStatement(loc, e);
+	fbody = new CompoundStatement(loc, fbody, s);
+    }
+
+    FuncDeclaration::semantic(sc);
+
+    sc->pop();
+
+    // See if it's the default constructor
+    if (cd && varargs == 0 && Argument::dim(arguments) == 0)
+	cd->defaultCtor = this;
+}
+
+const char *CtorDeclaration::kind()
+{
+    return "constructor";
+}
+
+char *CtorDeclaration::toChars()
+{
+    return (char *)"this";
+}
+
+int CtorDeclaration::isVirtual()
+{
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+int CtorDeclaration::addPreInvariant()
+{
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+int CtorDeclaration::addPostInvariant()
+{
+    return (isThis() && vthis && global.params.useInvariants);
+}
+
+
+void CtorDeclaration::toCBuffer(OutBuffer *buf, HdrGenState *hgs)
+{
+    buf->writestring("this");
+    Argument::argsToCBuffer(buf, hgs, arguments, varargs);
+    bodyToCBuffer(buf, hgs);
+}
+
+/********************************* PostBlitDeclaration ****************************/
+
+#if DMDV2
+PostBlitDeclaration::PostBlitDeclaration(Loc loc, Loc endloc)
+    : FuncDeclaration(loc, endloc, Id::_postblit, STCundefined, NULL)
+{
+}
+
+PostBlitDeclaration::PostBlitDeclaration(Loc loc, Loc endloc, Identifier *id)
+    : FuncDeclaration(loc, endloc, id, STCundefined, NULL)
+{
+}
+
+Dsymbol *PostBlitDeclaration::syntaxCopy(Dsymbol *s)
+{
+    assert(!s);
+    PostBlitDeclaration *dd = new PostBlitDeclaration(loc, endloc, ident);
+    return FuncDeclaration::syntaxCopy(dd);
+}
+
+
+void PostBlitDeclaration::semantic(Scope *sc)
+{
+    //printf("PostBlitDeclaration::semantic() %s\n", toChars());
+    //printf("ident: %s, %s, %p, %p\n", ident->toChars(), Id::dtor->toChars(), ident, Id::dtor);
+    parent = sc->parent;
+    Dsymbol *parent = toParent();
+    StructDeclaration *ad = parent->isStructDeclaration();
+    if (!ad)
+    {
+	error("post blits are only for struct/union definitions, not %s %s", parent->kind(), parent->toChars());
+    }
+    else if (ident == Id::_postblit)
+	ad->postblits.push(this);
+    type = new TypeFunction(NULL, Type::tvoid, FALSE, LINKd);
+
+    sc = sc->push();
+    sc->stc &= ~STCstatic;		// not static
+    sc->linkage = LINKd;
+
+    FuncDeclaration::semantic(sc);
+
+    sc->pop();
+}
+
+int PostBlitDeclaration::overloadInsert(Dsymbol *s)
+{
+    return FALSE;	// cannot overload postblits
+}
+
+int PostBlitDeclaration::addPreInvariant()
+{
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+int PostBlitDeclaration::addPostInvariant()
+{
+    return (isThis() && vthis && global.params.useInvariants);
+}
+
+int PostBlitDeclaration::isVirtual()
+{
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+void PostBlitDeclaration::toCBuffer(OutBuffer *buf, HdrGenState *hgs)
+{
+    if (hgs->hdrgen)
+	return;
+    buf->writestring("=this()");
+    bodyToCBuffer(buf, hgs);
+}
+#endif
+
+/********************************* DtorDeclaration ****************************/
+
+DtorDeclaration::DtorDeclaration(Loc loc, Loc endloc)
+    : FuncDeclaration(loc, endloc, Id::dtor, STCundefined, NULL)
+{
+}
+
+DtorDeclaration::DtorDeclaration(Loc loc, Loc endloc, Identifier *id)
+    : FuncDeclaration(loc, endloc, id, STCundefined, NULL)
+{
+}
+
+Dsymbol *DtorDeclaration::syntaxCopy(Dsymbol *s)
+{
+    assert(!s);
+    DtorDeclaration *dd = new DtorDeclaration(loc, endloc, ident);
+    return FuncDeclaration::syntaxCopy(dd);
+}
+
+
+void DtorDeclaration::semantic(Scope *sc)
+{
+    //printf("DtorDeclaration::semantic() %s\n", toChars());
+    //printf("ident: %s, %s, %p, %p\n", ident->toChars(), Id::dtor->toChars(), ident, Id::dtor);
+    parent = sc->parent;
+    Dsymbol *parent = toParent();
+    ClassDeclaration *cd = parent->isClassDeclaration();
+    if (!cd)
+    {
+	error("destructors are only for class/struct/union definitions, not %s %s", parent->kind(), parent->toChars());
+	fatal();
+    }
+    else
+	cd->dtors.push(this);
+    type = new TypeFunction(NULL, Type::tvoid, FALSE, LINKd);
+
+    sc = sc->push();
+    sc->stc &= ~STCstatic;		// not a static destructor
+    sc->linkage = LINKd;
+
+    FuncDeclaration::semantic(sc);
+
+    sc->pop();
+}
+
+int DtorDeclaration::overloadInsert(Dsymbol *s)
+{
+    return FALSE;	// cannot overload destructors
+}
+
+int DtorDeclaration::addPreInvariant()
+{
+    return (isThis() && vthis && global.params.useInvariants);
+}
+
+int DtorDeclaration::addPostInvariant()
+{
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+const char *DtorDeclaration::kind()
+{	
+    return "destructor";
+}
+
+char *DtorDeclaration::toChars()
+{
+    return (char *)"~this";
+}
+
+int DtorDeclaration::isVirtual()
+{
+    /* This should be FALSE so that dtor's don't get put into the vtbl[],
+     * but doing so will require recompiling everything.
+     */
+#if BREAKABI
+    return FALSE;
+#else
+    return FuncDeclaration::isVirtual();
+#endif
+}
+
+void DtorDeclaration::toCBuffer(OutBuffer *buf, HdrGenState *hgs)
+{
+    if (hgs->hdrgen)
+	return;
+    buf->writestring("~this()");
+    bodyToCBuffer(buf, hgs);
+}
+
+/********************************* StaticCtorDeclaration ****************************/
+
+StaticCtorDeclaration::StaticCtorDeclaration(Loc loc, Loc endloc)
+    : FuncDeclaration(loc, endloc,
+      Identifier::generateId("_staticCtor"), STCstatic, NULL)
+{
+}
+
+Dsymbol *StaticCtorDeclaration::syntaxCopy(Dsymbol *s)
+{
+    StaticCtorDeclaration *scd;
+
+    assert(!s);
+    scd = new StaticCtorDeclaration(loc, endloc);
+    return FuncDeclaration::syntaxCopy(scd);
+}
+
+
+void StaticCtorDeclaration::semantic(Scope *sc)
+{
+    //printf("StaticCtorDeclaration::semantic()\n");
+
+    type = new TypeFunction(NULL, Type::tvoid, FALSE, LINKd);
+
+    /* If the static ctor appears within a template instantiation,
+     * it could get called multiple times by the module constructors
+     * for different modules. Thus, protect it with a gate.
+     */
+    if (inTemplateInstance())
+    {
+	/* Add this prefix to the function:
+	 *	static int gate;
+	 *	if (++gate != 1) return;
+	 * Note that this is not thread safe; should not have threads
+	 * during static construction.
+	 */
+	Identifier *id = Lexer::idPool("__gate");
+	VarDeclaration *v = new VarDeclaration(0, Type::tint32, id, NULL);
+	v->storage_class = STCstatic;
+	Statements *sa = new Statements();
+	Statement *s = new DeclarationStatement(0, v);
+	sa->push(s);
+	Expression *e = new IdentifierExp(0, id);
+	e = new AddAssignExp(0, e, new IntegerExp(1));
+	e = new EqualExp(TOKnotequal, 0, e, new IntegerExp(1));
+	s = new IfStatement(0, NULL, e, new ReturnStatement(0, NULL), NULL);
+	sa->push(s);
+	if (fbody)
+	    sa->push(fbody);
+	fbody = new CompoundStatement(0, sa);
+    }
+
+    FuncDeclaration::semantic(sc);
+
+    // We're going to need ModuleInfo
+    Module *m = getModule();
+    if (!m)
+	m = sc->module;
+    if (m)
+    {	m->needmoduleinfo = 1;
+#ifdef IN_GCC
+	m->strictlyneedmoduleinfo = 1;
+#endif
+    }
+}
+
+AggregateDeclaration *StaticCtorDeclaration::isThis()
+{
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+int StaticCtorDeclaration::isStaticConstructor()
+{
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+int StaticCtorDeclaration::isVirtual()
+{
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+int StaticCtorDeclaration::addPreInvariant()
+{
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+int StaticCtorDeclaration::addPostInvariant()
+{
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+void StaticCtorDeclaration::toCBuffer(OutBuffer *buf, HdrGenState *hgs)
+{
+    if (hgs->hdrgen)
+    {	buf->writestring("static this();\n");
+	return;
+    }
+    buf->writestring("static this()");
+    bodyToCBuffer(buf, hgs);
+}
+
+/********************************* StaticDtorDeclaration ****************************/
+
+StaticDtorDeclaration::StaticDtorDeclaration(Loc loc, Loc endloc)
+    : FuncDeclaration(loc, endloc,
+      Identifier::generateId("_staticDtor"), STCstatic, NULL)
+{
+    vgate = NULL;
+}
+
+Dsymbol *StaticDtorDeclaration::syntaxCopy(Dsymbol *s)
+{
+    StaticDtorDeclaration *sdd;
+
+    assert(!s);
+    sdd = new StaticDtorDeclaration(loc, endloc);
+    return FuncDeclaration::syntaxCopy(sdd);
+}
+
+
+void StaticDtorDeclaration::semantic(Scope *sc)
+{
+    ClassDeclaration *cd;
+    Type *tret;
+
+    cd = sc->scopesym->isClassDeclaration();
+    if (!cd)
+    {
+    }
+    type = new TypeFunction(NULL, Type::tvoid, FALSE, LINKd);
+
+    /* If the static ctor appears within a template instantiation,
+     * it could get called multiple times by the module constructors
+     * for different modules. Thus, protect it with a gate.
+     */
+    if (inTemplateInstance())
+    {
+	/* Add this prefix to the function:
+	 *	static int gate;
+	 *	if (--gate != 0) return;
+	 * Increment gate during constructor execution.
+	 * Note that this is not thread safe; should not have threads
+	 * during static destruction.
+	 */
+	Identifier *id = Lexer::idPool("__gate");
+	VarDeclaration *v = new VarDeclaration(0, Type::tint32, id, NULL);
+	v->storage_class = STCstatic;
+	Statements *sa = new Statements();
+	Statement *s = new DeclarationStatement(0, v);
+	sa->push(s);
+	Expression *e = new IdentifierExp(0, id);
+	e = new AddAssignExp(0, e, new IntegerExp((uint64_t)-1));
+	e = new EqualExp(TOKnotequal, 0, e, new IntegerExp(0));
+	s = new IfStatement(0, NULL, e, new ReturnStatement(0, NULL), NULL);
+	sa->push(s);
+	if (fbody)
+	    sa->push(fbody);
+	fbody = new CompoundStatement(0, sa);
+	vgate = v;
+    }
+
+    FuncDeclaration::semantic(sc);
+
+    // We're going to need ModuleInfo
+    Module *m = getModule();
+    if (!m)
+	m = sc->module;
+    if (m)
+    {	m->needmoduleinfo = 1;
+#ifdef IN_GCC
+	m->strictlyneedmoduleinfo = 1;
+#endif
+    }
+}
+
+AggregateDeclaration *StaticDtorDeclaration::isThis()
+{
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+int StaticDtorDeclaration::isStaticDestructor()
+{
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+int StaticDtorDeclaration::isVirtual()
+{
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+int StaticDtorDeclaration::addPreInvariant()
+{
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+int StaticDtorDeclaration::addPostInvariant()
+{
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+void StaticDtorDeclaration::toCBuffer(OutBuffer *buf, HdrGenState *hgs)
+{
+    if (hgs->hdrgen)
+	return;
+    buf->writestring("static ~this()");
+    bodyToCBuffer(buf, hgs);
+}
+
+/********************************* InvariantDeclaration ****************************/
+
+InvariantDeclaration::InvariantDeclaration(Loc loc, Loc endloc)
+    : FuncDeclaration(loc, endloc, Id::classInvariant, STCundefined, NULL)
+{
+}
+
+Dsymbol *InvariantDeclaration::syntaxCopy(Dsymbol *s)
+{
+    InvariantDeclaration *id;
+
+    assert(!s);
+    id = new InvariantDeclaration(loc, endloc);
+    FuncDeclaration::syntaxCopy(id);
+    return id;
+}
+
+
+void InvariantDeclaration::semantic(Scope *sc)
+{
+    AggregateDeclaration *ad;
+    Type *tret;
+
+    parent = sc->parent;
+    Dsymbol *parent = toParent();
+    ad = parent->isAggregateDeclaration();
+    if (!ad)
+    {
+	error("invariants are only for struct/union/class definitions");
+	return;
+    }
+    else if (ad->inv && ad->inv != this)
+    {
+	error("more than one invariant for %s", ad->toChars());
+    }
+    ad->inv = this;
+    type = new TypeFunction(NULL, Type::tvoid, FALSE, LINKd);
+
+    sc = sc->push();
+    sc->stc &= ~STCstatic;		// not a static invariant
+    sc->incontract++;
+    sc->linkage = LINKd;
+
+    FuncDeclaration::semantic(sc);
+
+    sc->pop();
+}
+
+int InvariantDeclaration::isVirtual()
+{
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+int InvariantDeclaration::addPreInvariant()
+{
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+int InvariantDeclaration::addPostInvariant()
+{
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+void InvariantDeclaration::toCBuffer(OutBuffer *buf, HdrGenState *hgs)
+{
+    if (hgs->hdrgen)
+	return;
+    buf->writestring("invariant");
+    bodyToCBuffer(buf, hgs);
+}
+
+
+/********************************* UnitTestDeclaration ****************************/
+
+/*******************************
+ * Generate unique unittest function Id so we can have multiple
+ * instances per module.
+ */
+
+static Identifier *unitTestId()
+{
+    return Lexer::uniqueId("__unittest");
+}
+
+UnitTestDeclaration::UnitTestDeclaration(Loc loc, Loc endloc)
+    : FuncDeclaration(loc, endloc, unitTestId(), STCundefined, NULL)
+{
+}
+
+Dsymbol *UnitTestDeclaration::syntaxCopy(Dsymbol *s)
+{
+    UnitTestDeclaration *utd;
+
+    assert(!s);
+    utd = new UnitTestDeclaration(loc, endloc);
+    return FuncDeclaration::syntaxCopy(utd);
+}
+
+
+void UnitTestDeclaration::semantic(Scope *sc)
+{
+    if (global.params.useUnitTests)
+    {
+	type = new TypeFunction(NULL, Type::tvoid, FALSE, LINKd);
+	Scope *sc2 = sc->push();
+	sc2->linkage = LINKd;
+	FuncDeclaration::semantic(sc2);
+	sc2->pop();
+    }
+
+#if 0
+    // We're going to need ModuleInfo even if the unit tests are not
+    // compiled in, because other modules may import this module and refer
+    // to this ModuleInfo.
+    // (This doesn't make sense to me?)
+    Module *m = getModule();
+    if (!m)
+	m = sc->module;
+    if (m)
+    {
+	//printf("module3 %s needs moduleinfo\n", m->toChars());
+	m->needmoduleinfo = 1;
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+AggregateDeclaration *UnitTestDeclaration::isThis()
+{
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+int UnitTestDeclaration::isVirtual()
+{
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+int UnitTestDeclaration::addPreInvariant()
+{
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+int UnitTestDeclaration::addPostInvariant()
+{
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+void UnitTestDeclaration::toCBuffer(OutBuffer *buf, HdrGenState *hgs)
+{
+    if (hgs->hdrgen)
+	return;
+    buf->writestring("unittest");
+    bodyToCBuffer(buf, hgs);
+}
+
+/********************************* NewDeclaration ****************************/
+
+NewDeclaration::NewDeclaration(Loc loc, Loc endloc, Arguments *arguments, int varargs)
+    : FuncDeclaration(loc, endloc, Id::classNew, STCstatic, NULL)
+{
+    this->arguments = arguments;
+    this->varargs = varargs;
+}
+
+Dsymbol *NewDeclaration::syntaxCopy(Dsymbol *s)
+{
+    NewDeclaration *f;
+
+    f = new NewDeclaration(loc, endloc, NULL, varargs);
+
+    FuncDeclaration::syntaxCopy(f);
+
+    f->arguments = Argument::arraySyntaxCopy(arguments);
+
+    return f;
+}
+
+
+void NewDeclaration::semantic(Scope *sc)
+{
+    ClassDeclaration *cd;
+    Type *tret;
+
+    //printf("NewDeclaration::semantic()\n");
+
+    parent = sc->parent;
+    Dsymbol *parent = toParent();
+    cd = parent->isClassDeclaration();
+    if (!cd && !parent->isStructDeclaration())
+    {
+	error("new allocators only are for class or struct definitions");
+    }
+    tret = Type::tvoid->pointerTo();
+    type = new TypeFunction(arguments, tret, varargs, LINKd);
+
+    type = type->semantic(loc, sc);
+    assert(type->ty == Tfunction);
+
+    // Check that there is at least one argument of type size_t
+    TypeFunction *tf = (TypeFunction *)type;
+    if (Argument::dim(tf->parameters) < 1)
+    {
+	error("at least one argument of type size_t expected");
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	Argument *a = Argument::getNth(tf->parameters, 0);
+	if (!a->type->equals(Type::tsize_t))
+	    error("first argument must be type size_t, not %s", a->type->toChars());
+    }
+
+    FuncDeclaration::semantic(sc);
+}
+
+const char *NewDeclaration::kind()
+{
+    return "allocator";
+}
+
+int NewDeclaration::isVirtual()
+{
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+int NewDeclaration::addPreInvariant()
+{
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+int NewDeclaration::addPostInvariant()
+{
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+void NewDeclaration::toCBuffer(OutBuffer *buf, HdrGenState *hgs)
+{
+    buf->writestring("new");
+    Argument::argsToCBuffer(buf, hgs, arguments, varargs);
+    bodyToCBuffer(buf, hgs);
+}
+
+
+/********************************* DeleteDeclaration ****************************/
+
+DeleteDeclaration::DeleteDeclaration(Loc loc, Loc endloc, Arguments *arguments)
+    : FuncDeclaration(loc, endloc, Id::classDelete, STCstatic, NULL)
+{
+    this->arguments = arguments;
+}
+
+Dsymbol *DeleteDeclaration::syntaxCopy(Dsymbol *s)
+{
+    DeleteDeclaration *f;
+
+    f = new DeleteDeclaration(loc, endloc, NULL);
+
+    FuncDeclaration::syntaxCopy(f);
+
+    f->arguments = Argument::arraySyntaxCopy(arguments);
+
+    return f;
+}
+
+
+void DeleteDeclaration::semantic(Scope *sc)
+{
+    ClassDeclaration *cd;
+
+    //printf("DeleteDeclaration::semantic()\n");
+
+    parent = sc->parent;
+    Dsymbol *parent = toParent();
+    cd = parent->isClassDeclaration();
+    if (!cd && !parent->isStructDeclaration())
+    {
+	error("new allocators only are for class or struct definitions");
+    }
+    type = new TypeFunction(arguments, Type::tvoid, 0, LINKd);
+
+    type = type->semantic(loc, sc);
+    assert(type->ty == Tfunction);
+
+    // Check that there is only one argument of type void*
+    TypeFunction *tf = (TypeFunction *)type;
+    if (Argument::dim(tf->parameters) != 1)
+    {
+	error("one argument of type void* expected");
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	Argument *a = Argument::getNth(tf->parameters, 0);
+	if (!a->type->equals(Type::tvoid->pointerTo()))
+	    error("one argument of type void* expected, not %s", a->type->toChars());
+    }
+
+    FuncDeclaration::semantic(sc);
+}
+
+const char *DeleteDeclaration::kind()
+{
+    return "deallocator";
+}
+
+int DeleteDeclaration::isDelete()
+{
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+int DeleteDeclaration::isVirtual()
+{
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+int DeleteDeclaration::addPreInvariant()
+{
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+int DeleteDeclaration::addPostInvariant()
+{
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+void DeleteDeclaration::toCBuffer(OutBuffer *buf, HdrGenState *hgs)
+{
+    buf->writestring("delete");
+    Argument::argsToCBuffer(buf, hgs, arguments, 0);
+    bodyToCBuffer(buf, hgs);
+}
+
+
+
+