--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/ref/output_example.d	Mon Jul 06 08:06:28 2009 -0700
@@ -0,0 +1,575 @@
+/**
+* Mime on Fire (mime) -- Simple UPnP server for XBOX360
+* Copyright (C) 2009 Robert Fraser
+* 
+* This program is free software; you can redistribute it andor
+* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+* as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+* of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+* 
+* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+* GNU General Public License for more details.
+*/
+module mime.app.main;
+
+// Imports for whole program (just link to them)
+import tango.stdc.stdarg; // Must be linked in to prevent strange linker errors
+debug import tango.core.stacktrace.TraceExceptions;
+import NONE = mime.codec.libav.mingw;
+
+import Math = tango.math.Math;
+import tango.stdc.stdlib;
+import tango.stdc.stdio;
+import tango.stdc.stringz;
+import tango.core.Array;
+
+import mime.codec.libav.avutil;
+import mime.codec.libav.avcodec;
+import mime.codec.libav.avformat;
+import mime.codec.libav.swscale;
+
+/* 5 seconds stream duration */
+const STREAM_DURATION = 5.0;
+const STREAM_FRAME_RATE = 25; /* 25 images/s */
+const STREAM_NB_FRAMES = (cast(int)(STREAM_DURATION * STREAM_FRAME_RATE));
+const STREAM_PIX_FMT = PIX_FMT_YUV420P; /* default pix_fmt */
+static int sws_flags = SWS_BICUBIC;
+
+
+private bool containsString(char* haystack, char[] needle)
+{
+	char[] sHaystack = fromStringz(haystack);
+	return sHaystack.find(needle) < sHaystack.length;
+}
+
+/**************************************************************/
+/* audio output */
+
+
+float t, tincr, tincr2;
+short *samples;
+char *audio_outbuf;
+int audio_outbuf_size;
+int audio_input_frame_size;
+
+/*
+ * add an audio output stream
+ */
+static AVStream *add_audio_stream(AVFormatContext *oc, int codec_id)
+{
+    AVCodecContext *c;
+    AVStream *st;
+
+    st = av_new_stream(oc, 1);
+    if (!st) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Could not alloc stream\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    c = st.codec;
+    c.codec_id = codec_id;
+    c.codec_type = CODEC_TYPE_AUDIO;
+
+    /* put sample parameters */
+    c.bit_rate = 64000;
+    c.sample_rate = 44100;
+    c.channels = 2;
+    return st;
+}
+
+static void open_audio(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
+{
+    AVCodecContext *c;
+    AVCodec *codec;
+
+    c = st.codec;
+
+    /* find the audio encoder */
+    codec = avcodec_find_encoder(c.codec_id);
+    if (!codec) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "codec not found\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    /* open it */
+    if (avcodec_open(c, codec) < 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "could not open codec\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    /* init signal generator */
+    t = 0;
+    tincr = 2 * Math.PI * 110.0 / c.sample_rate;
+    /* increment frequency by 110 Hz per second */
+    tincr2 = 2 * Math.PI * 110.0 / c.sample_rate / c.sample_rate;
+
+    audio_outbuf_size = 10000;
+    audio_outbuf = cast(char*) av_malloc(audio_outbuf_size);
+
+    /* ugly hack for PCM codecs (will be removed ASAP with new PCM
+       support to compute the input frame size in samples */
+    if (c.frame_size <= 1) {
+        audio_input_frame_size = audio_outbuf_size / c.channels;
+        switch(st.codec.codec_id) {
+        case CODEC_ID_PCM_S16LE:
+        case CODEC_ID_PCM_S16BE:
+        case CODEC_ID_PCM_U16LE:
+        case CODEC_ID_PCM_U16BE:
+            audio_input_frame_size >>= 1;
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+        }
+    } else {
+        audio_input_frame_size = c.frame_size;
+    }
+    
+    if(containsString(oc.oformat.name, "asf"))
+        c.flags |= CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
+    
+    samples = cast(short*) av_malloc(audio_input_frame_size * 2 * c.channels);
+}
+
+/* prepare a 16 bit dummy audio frame of 'frame_size' samples and
+   'nb_channels' channels */
+static void get_audio_frame(short *samples, int frame_size, int nb_channels)
+{
+    int j, i, v;
+    short *q;
+
+    q = samples;
+    for(j=0;j<frame_size;j++) {
+        v = cast(int)(Math.sin(t) * 10000);
+        for(i = 0; i < nb_channels; i++)
+            *q++ = v;
+        t += tincr;
+        tincr += tincr2;
+    }
+}
+
+static void write_audio_frame(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
+{
+    AVCodecContext *c;
+    AVPacket pkt;
+    av_init_packet(&pkt);
+
+    c = st.codec;
+
+    get_audio_frame(samples, audio_input_frame_size, c.channels);
+
+    pkt.size= avcodec_encode_audio(c, audio_outbuf, audio_outbuf_size, samples);
+
+    pkt.pts= av_rescale_q(c.coded_frame.pts, c.time_base, st.time_base);
+    pkt.flags |= PKT_FLAG_KEY;
+    pkt.stream_index= st.index;
+    pkt.data= audio_outbuf;
+
+    /* write the compressed frame in the media file */
+    if (av_write_frame(oc, &pkt) != 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Error while writing audio frame\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+}
+
+static void close_audio(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
+{
+    avcodec_close(st.codec);
+
+    av_free(samples);
+    av_free(audio_outbuf);
+}
+
+/**************************************************************/
+/* video output */
+
+AVFrame *picture, tmp_picture;
+char *video_outbuf;
+int frame_count, video_outbuf_size;
+
+/* add a video output stream */
+static AVStream *add_video_stream(AVFormatContext *oc, int codec_id)
+{
+    AVCodecContext *c;
+    AVStream *st;
+
+    st = av_new_stream(oc, 0);
+    if (!st) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Could not alloc stream\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    c = st.codec;
+    c.codec_id = codec_id;
+    c.codec_type = CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO;
+
+    /* put sample parameters */
+    c.bit_rate = 400000;
+    /* resolution must be a multiple of two */
+    c.width = 352;
+    c.height = 288;
+    /* time base: this is the fundamental unit of time (in seconds) in terms
+       of which frame timestamps are represented. for fixed-fps content,
+       timebase should be 1/framerate and timestamp increments should be
+       identically 1. */
+    c.time_base.den = STREAM_FRAME_RATE;
+    c.time_base.num = 1;
+    c.gop_size = 12; /* emit one intra frame every twelve frames at most */
+    c.pix_fmt = STREAM_PIX_FMT;
+    if (c.codec_id == CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO) {
+        /* just for testing, we also add B frames */
+        c.max_b_frames = 2;
+    }
+    if (c.codec_id == CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO){
+        /* needed to avoid using macroblocks in which some coeffs overflow
+           this doesnt happen with normal video, it just happens here as the
+           motion of the chroma plane doesnt match the luma plane */
+        c.mb_decision=2;
+    }
+    // some formats want stream headers to be separate
+    if(containsString(oc.oformat.name, "mp4") || 
+       containsString(oc.oformat.name, "mpeg4") ||
+       containsString(oc.oformat.name, "asf") ||
+       containsString(oc.oformat.name, "mov") || 
+       containsString(oc.oformat.name, "3gp"))
+        c.flags |= CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
+
+    return st;
+}
+
+static AVFrame *alloc_picture(int pix_fmt, int width, int height)
+{
+    AVFrame *picture;
+    char *picture_buf;
+    int size;
+
+    picture = avcodec_alloc_frame();
+    if (!picture)
+        return null;
+    size = avpicture_get_size(pix_fmt, width, height);
+    picture_buf = cast(char*) av_malloc(size);
+    if (!picture_buf) {
+        av_free(picture);
+        return null;
+    }
+    avpicture_fill(cast(AVPicture *)picture, picture_buf,
+                   pix_fmt, width, height);
+    return picture;
+}
+
+static void open_video(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
+{
+    AVCodec *codec;
+    AVCodecContext *c;
+
+    c = st.codec;
+
+    /* find the video encoder */
+    codec = avcodec_find_encoder(c.codec_id);
+    if (!codec) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "codec not found\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    /* open the codec */
+    if (avcodec_open(c, codec) < 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "could not open codec\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    video_outbuf = null;
+    if (!(oc.oformat.flags & AVFMT_RAWPICTURE)) {
+        /* allocate output buffer */
+        /* XXX: API change will be done */
+        /* buffers passed into lav* can be allocated any way you prefer,
+           as long as they're aligned enough for the architecture, and
+           they're freed appropriately (such as using av_free for buffers
+           allocated with av_malloc) */
+        video_outbuf_size = 200000;
+        video_outbuf = cast(char*) av_malloc(video_outbuf_size);
+    }
+
+    /* allocate the encoded raw picture */
+    picture = alloc_picture(c.pix_fmt, c.width, c.height);
+    if (!picture) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate picture\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    /* if the output format is not YUV420P, then a temporary YUV420P
+       picture is needed too. It is then converted to the required
+       output format */
+    tmp_picture = null;
+    if (c.pix_fmt != PIX_FMT_YUV420P) {
+        tmp_picture = alloc_picture(PIX_FMT_YUV420P, c.width, c.height);
+        if (!tmp_picture) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate temporary picture\n");
+            exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/* prepare a dummy image */
+static void fill_yuv_image(AVFrame *pict, int frame_index, int width, int height)
+{
+    int x, y, i;
+
+    i = frame_index;
+
+    /* Y */
+    for(y=0;y<height;y++) {
+        for(x=0;x<width;x++) {
+            pict.data[0][y * pict.linesize[0] + x] = x + y + i * 3;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Cb and Cr */
+    for(y=0;y<height/2;y++) {
+        for(x=0;x<width/2;x++) {
+            pict.data[1][y * pict.linesize[1] + x] = 128 + y + i * 2;
+            pict.data[2][y * pict.linesize[2] + x] = 64 + x + i * 5;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void write_video_frame(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
+{
+    int out_size, ret;
+    AVCodecContext *c;
+    static SwsContext *img_convert_ctx;
+
+    c = st.codec;
+
+    if (frame_count >= STREAM_NB_FRAMES) {
+        /* no more frame to compress. The codec has a latency of a few
+           frames if using B frames, so we get the last frames by
+           passing the same picture again */
+    } else {
+        if (c.pix_fmt != PIX_FMT_YUV420P) {
+            /* as we only generate a YUV420P picture, we must convert it
+               to the codec pixel format if needed */
+            if (img_convert_ctx == null) {
+                img_convert_ctx = sws_getContext(c.width, c.height,
+                                                 PIX_FMT_YUV420P,
+                                                 c.width, c.height,
+                                                 c.pix_fmt,
+                                                 sws_flags, null, null, null);
+                if (img_convert_ctx == null) {
+                    fprintf(stderr, "Cannot initialize the conversion context\n");
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+            }
+            fill_yuv_image(tmp_picture, frame_count, c.width, c.height);
+            sws_scale(img_convert_ctx, tmp_picture.data.ptr, tmp_picture.linesize.ptr,
+                      0, c.height, picture.data.ptr, picture.linesize.ptr);
+        } else {
+            fill_yuv_image(picture, frame_count, c.width, c.height);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    if (oc.oformat.flags & AVFMT_RAWPICTURE) {
+        /* raw video case. The API will change slightly in the near
+           futur for that */
+        AVPacket pkt;
+        av_init_packet(&pkt);
+
+        pkt.flags |= PKT_FLAG_KEY;
+        pkt.stream_index= st.index;
+        pkt.data= cast(char *)picture;
+        pkt.size= AVPicture.sizeof;
+
+        ret = av_write_frame(oc, &pkt);
+    } else {
+        /* encode the image */
+        out_size = avcodec_encode_video(c, video_outbuf, video_outbuf_size, picture);
+        /* if zero size, it means the image was buffered */
+        if (out_size > 0) {
+            AVPacket pkt;
+            av_init_packet(&pkt);
+
+            pkt.pts= av_rescale_q(c.coded_frame.pts, c.time_base, st.time_base);
+            if(c.coded_frame.key_frame)
+                pkt.flags |= PKT_FLAG_KEY;
+            pkt.stream_index= st.index;
+            pkt.data= video_outbuf;
+            pkt.size= out_size;
+
+            /* write the compressed frame in the media file */
+            ret = av_write_frame(oc, &pkt);
+        } else {
+            ret = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    if (ret != 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Error while writing video frame\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+    frame_count++;
+}
+
+static void close_video(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
+{
+    avcodec_close(st.codec);
+    av_free(picture.data[0]);
+    av_free(picture);
+    if (tmp_picture) {
+        av_free(tmp_picture.data[0]);
+        av_free(tmp_picture);
+    }
+    av_free(video_outbuf);
+}
+
+/**************************************************************/
+/* media file output */
+
+int main(char[][] args)
+{	
+    char *filename;
+    AVOutputFormat *fmt;
+    AVFormatContext *oc;
+    AVStream *audio_st, video_st;
+    double audio_pts, video_pts;
+    int i;
+
+    /* initialize libavcodec, and register all codecs and formats */
+    av_register_all();
+    
+    version(none)
+    {
+    	char* codecName(int codec_id)
+    	{
+    		auto codec = avcodec_find_encoder(codec_id);
+    		return codec ? codec.name : toStringz("NONE");
+    		
+    	}
+    	
+    	AVOutputFormat* fmt2 = first_oformat;
+    	printf("format (extension, video codec, audio codec)\n");
+    	while(fmt2)
+    	{
+    		printf("%s (.%s, %s, %s)\n", fmt2.name, fmt2.extensions, codecName(fmt2.video_codec), codecName(fmt2.audio_codec));
+    		fmt2 = fmt2.next;
+    	}
+    }
+    
+    version(none)
+    {
+    	// List codecs
+	    AVCodec* codec = av_codec_next(null); // Get first
+		while(codec)
+		{
+			if(codec.type == CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO)
+			{
+				printf("%d - %s (%s)\n", codec.id, codec.name, codec.long_name);
+			}
+			Lnext: codec = av_codec_next(codec);
+		}
+    }
+
+    filename = toStringz("biff_happy.m4v");
+    
+    fmt = guess_format(toStringz("m4v"), null, null);
+    if (!fmt) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Could not find suitable output format\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    /* allocate the output media context */
+    oc = av_alloc_format_context();
+    if (!oc) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Memory error\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+    oc.oformat = fmt;
+    snprintf(oc.filename.ptr, oc.filename.sizeof, "%s", filename);
+
+    /* add the audio and video streams using the default format codecs
+       and initialize the codecs */
+    video_st = null;
+    audio_st = null;
+    // WORKAREA use the right profile for mpeg4 encoding (MP4 2 Advanced Simple)
+    if (fmt.video_codec != CODEC_ID_NONE) {
+        video_st = add_video_stream(oc, fmt.video_codec);
+    }
+    // WORKAREA -- we want to be doing this with AAC - http://blogs.msdn.com/xboxteam/archive/2007/11/30/december-2007-video-playback-faq.aspx
+    /* if (fmt.audio_codec != CODEC_ID_NONE) {
+        audio_st = add_audio_stream(oc, fmt.audio_codec);
+    } */
+
+    /* set the output parameters (must be done even if no
+       parameters). */
+    if (av_set_parameters(oc, null) < 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Invalid output format parameters\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    dump_format(oc, 0, filename, 1);
+
+    /* now that all the parameters are set, we can open the audio and
+       video codecs and allocate the necessary encode buffers */
+    if (video_st)
+        open_video(oc, video_st);
+    if (audio_st)
+        open_audio(oc, audio_st);
+
+    /* open the output file, if needed */
+    if (!(fmt.flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
+        if (url_fopen(&oc.pb, filename, URL_WRONLY) < 0) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Could not open '%s'\n", filename);
+            exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* write the stream header, if any */
+    av_write_header(oc);
+
+    for(;;) {
+        /* compute current audio and video time */
+        if (audio_st)
+            audio_pts = cast(double)audio_st.pts.val * audio_st.time_base.num / audio_st.time_base.den;
+        else
+            audio_pts = 0.0;
+
+        if (video_st)
+            video_pts = cast(double)video_st.pts.val * video_st.time_base.num / video_st.time_base.den;
+        else
+            video_pts = 0.0;
+
+        if ((!audio_st || audio_pts >= STREAM_DURATION) &&
+            (!video_st || video_pts >= STREAM_DURATION))
+            break;
+
+        /* write interleaved audio and video frames */
+        if (!video_st || (video_st && audio_st && audio_pts < video_pts)) {
+            write_audio_frame(oc, audio_st);
+        } else {
+            write_video_frame(oc, video_st);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* close each codec */
+    if (video_st)
+        close_video(oc, video_st);
+    if (audio_st)
+        close_audio(oc, audio_st);
+
+    /* write the trailer, if any */
+    av_write_trailer(oc);
+
+    /* free the streams */
+    for(i = 0; i < oc.nb_streams; i++) {
+        av_freep(&oc.streams[i].codec);
+        av_freep(&oc.streams[i]);
+    }
+
+    if (!(fmt.flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
+        /* close the output file */
+    }
+
+    /* free the stream */
+    av_free(oc);
+
+    return 0;
+}