/*
 * $Header: /cvshome/build/org.osgi.framework/src/org/osgi/framework/BundleContext.java,v 1.22 2007/02/21 16:49:05 hargrave Exp $
 * 
 * Copyright (c) OSGi Alliance (2000, 2007). All Rights Reserved.
 * 
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

module org.osgi.framework.BundleContext;
import org.osgi.framework.Bundle;
import org.osgi.framework.BundleListener;
import org.osgi.framework.ServiceListener;
import org.osgi.framework.FrameworkListener;
import org.osgi.framework.ServiceReference;
import org.osgi.framework.ServiceRegistration;
import org.osgi.framework.Filter;

import java.lang.all;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Dictionary;

/**
 * A bundle's execution context within the Framework. The context is used to
 * grant access to other methods so that this bundle can interact with the
 * Framework.
 * 
 * <p>
 * <code>BundleContext</code> methods allow a bundle to:
 * <ul>
 * <li>Subscribe to events published by the Framework.
 * <li>Register service objects with the Framework service registry.
 * <li>Retrieve <code>ServiceReferences</code> from the Framework service
 * registry.
 * <li>Get and release service objects for a referenced service.
 * <li>Install new bundles in the Framework.
 * <li>Get the list of bundles installed in the Framework.
 * <li>Get the {@link Bundle} object for a bundle.
 * <li>Create <code>File</code> objects for files in a persistent storage
 * area provided for the bundle by the Framework.
 * </ul>
 * 
 * <p>
 * A <code>BundleContext</code> object will be created and provided to the
 * bundle associated with this context when it is started using the
 * {@link BundleActivator#start} method. The same <code>BundleContext</code>
 * object will be passed to the bundle associated with this context when it is
 * stopped using the {@link BundleActivator#stop} method. A
 * <code>BundleContext</code> object is generally for the private use of its
 * associated bundle and is not meant to be shared with other bundles in the
 * OSGi environment.
 * 
 * <p>
 * The <code>Bundle</code> object associated with a <code>BundleContext</code>
 * object is called the <em>context bundle</em>.
 * 
 * <p>
 * The <code>BundleContext</code> object is only valid during the execution of
 * its context bundle; that is, during the period from when the context bundle
 * is in the <code>STARTING</code>, <code>STOPPING</code>, and
 * <code>ACTIVE</code> bundle states. If the <code>BundleContext</code>
 * object is used subsequently, an <code>IllegalStateException</code> must be
 * thrown. The <code>BundleContext</code> object must never be reused after
 * its context bundle is stopped.
 * 
 * <p>
 * The Framework is the only entity that can create <code>BundleContext</code>
 * objects and they are only valid within the Framework that created them.
 * 
 * @ThreadSafe
 * @version $Revision: 1.22 $
 */

public interface BundleContext {
    /**
     * Returns the value of the specified property. If the key is not found in
     * the Framework properties, the system properties are then searched. The
     * method returns <code>null</code> if the property is not found.
     * 
     * <p>
     * The Framework defines the following standard property keys:
     * </p>
     * <ul>
     * <li>{@link Constants#FRAMEWORK_VERSION} - The OSGi Framework version.
     * </li>
     * <li>{@link Constants#FRAMEWORK_VENDOR} - The Framework implementation
     * vendor.</li>
     * <li>{@link Constants#FRAMEWORK_LANGUAGE} - The language being used. See
     * ISO 639 for possible values.</li>
     * <li>{@link Constants#FRAMEWORK_OS_NAME} - The host computer operating
     * system.</li>
     * <li>{@link Constants#FRAMEWORK_OS_VERSION} - The host computer
     * operating system version number.</li>
     * <li>{@link Constants#FRAMEWORK_PROCESSOR} - The host computer processor
     * name.</li>
     * </ul>
     * <p>
     * All bundles must have permission to read these properties.
     * 
     * <p>
     * Note: The last four standard properties are used by the
     * {@link Constants#BUNDLE_NATIVECODE} <code>Manifest</code> header's
     * matching algorithm for selecting native language code.
     * 
     * @param key The name of the requested property.
     * @return The value of the requested property, or <code>null</code> if
     *         the property is undefined.
     * @throws java.lang.SecurityException If the caller does not have the
     *         appropriate <code>PropertyPermission</code> to read the
     *         property, and the Java Runtime Environment supports permissions.
     */
    public String getProperty(String key);

    /**
     * Returns the <code>Bundle</code> object associated with this
     * <code>BundleContext</code>. This bundle is called the context bundle.
     * 
     * @return The <code>Bundle</code> object associated with this
     *         <code>BundleContext</code>.
     * @throws java.lang.IllegalStateException If this BundleContext is no
     *         longer valid.
     */
    public Bundle getBundle();

    /**
     * Installs a bundle from the specified location string. A bundle is
     * obtained from <code>location</code> as interpreted by the Framework in
     * an implementation dependent manner.
     * <p>
     * Every installed bundle is uniquely identified by its location string,
     * typically in the form of a URL.
     * 
     * <p>
     * The following steps are required to install a bundle:
     * <ol>
     * <li>If a bundle containing the same location string is already
     * installed, the <code>Bundle</code> object for that bundle is returned.
     * 
     * <li>The bundle's content is read from the location string. If this
     * fails, a {@link BundleException} is thrown.
     * 
     * <li>The bundle's <code>Bundle-NativeCode</code> dependencies are
     * resolved. If this fails, a <code>BundleException</code> is thrown.
     * 
     * <li>The bundle's associated resources are allocated. The associated
     * resources minimally consist of a unique identifier and a persistent
     * storage area if the platform has file system support. If this step fails,
     * a <code>BundleException</code> is thrown.
     * 
     * <li>If the bundle has declared an Bundle-RequiredExecutionEnvironment
     * header, then the listed execution environments must be verified against
     * the installed execution environments. If none of the listed execution 
     * environments match an installed execution environment, a
     * <code>BundleException</code> must be thrown.
     * 
     * <li>The bundle's state is set to <code>INSTALLED</code>.
     * 
     * <li>A bundle event of type {@link BundleEvent#INSTALLED} is fired.
     * 
     * <li>The <code>Bundle</code> object for the newly or previously
     * installed bundle is returned.
     * </ol>
     * 
     * <b>Postconditions, no exceptions thrown </b>
     * <ul>
     * <li><code>getState()</code> in {<code>INSTALLED</code>,<code>RESOLVED</code>}.
     * <li>Bundle has a unique ID.
     * </ul>
     * <b>Postconditions, when an exception is thrown </b>
     * <ul>
     * <li>Bundle is not installed and no trace of the bundle exists.
     * </ul>
     * 
     * @param location The location identifier of the bundle to install.
     * @return The <code>Bundle</code> object of the installed bundle.
     * @throws BundleException If the installation failed.
     * @throws java.lang.SecurityException If the caller does not have the
     *         appropriate <code>AdminPermission[installed bundle,LIFECYCLE]</code>, and the
     *         Java Runtime Environment supports permissions.
     * @throws java.lang.IllegalStateException If this BundleContext is no
     *         longer valid.
     */
    public Bundle installBundle(String location);

    /**
     * Installs a bundle from the specified <code>InputStream</code> object.
     * 
     * <p>
     * This method performs all of the steps listed in
     * <code>BundleContext.installBundle(String location)</code>, except that
     * the bundle's content will be read from the <code>InputStream</code>
     * object. The location identifier string specified will be used as the
     * identity of the bundle.
     * 
     * <p>
     * This method must always close the <code>InputStream</code> object, even
     * if an exception is thrown.
     * 
     * @param location The location identifier of the bundle to install.
     * @param input The <code>InputStream</code> object from which this bundle
     *        will be read.
     * @return The <code>Bundle</code> object of the installed bundle.
     * @throws BundleException If the provided stream cannot be read or the
     *         installation failed.
     * @throws java.lang.SecurityException If the caller does not have the
     *         appropriate <code>AdminPermission[installed bundle,LIFECYCLE]</code>, and the
     *         Java Runtime Environment supports permissions.
     * @throws java.lang.IllegalStateException If this BundleContext is no
     *         longer valid.
     * @see #installBundle(java.lang.String)
     */
    public Bundle installBundle(String location, InputStream input);

    /**
     * Returns the bundle with the specified identifier.
     * 
     * @param id The identifier of the bundle to retrieve.
     * @return A <code>Bundle</code> object or <code>null</code> if the
     *         identifier does not match any installed bundle.
     */
    public Bundle getBundle(long id);

    /**
     * Returns a list of all installed bundles.
     * <p>
     * This method returns a list of all bundles installed in the OSGi
     * environment at the time of the call to this method. However, since the
     * Framework is a very dynamic environment, bundles can be installed or
     * uninstalled at anytime.
     * 
     * @return An array of <code>Bundle</code> objects, one object per
     *         installed bundle.
     */
    public Bundle[] getBundles();

    /**
     * Adds the specified <code>ServiceListener</code> object with the
     * specified <code>filter</code> to the context bundle's list of
     * listeners. See {@link Filter} for a description of the filter syntax.
     * <code>ServiceListener</code> objects are notified when a service has a
     * lifecycle state change.
     * 
     * <p>
     * If the context bundle's list of listeners already contains a listener
     * <code>l</code> such that <code>(l==listener)</code>, then this
     * method replaces that listener's filter (which may be <code>null</code>)
     * with the specified one (which may be <code>null</code>).
     * 
     * <p>
     * The listener is called if the filter criteria is met. To filter based
     * upon the class of the service, the filter should reference the
     * {@link Constants#OBJECTCLASS} property. If <code>filter</code> is
     * <code>null</code>, all services are considered to match the filter.
     * 
     * <p>
     * When using a <code>filter</code>, it is possible that the
     * <code>ServiceEvent</code>s for the complete lifecycle of a service
     * will not be delivered to the listener. For example, if the
     * <code>filter</code> only matches when the property <code>x</code> has
     * the value <code>1</code>, the listener will not be called if the
     * service is registered with the property <code>x</code> not set to the
     * value <code>1</code>. Subsequently, when the service is modified
     * setting property <code>x</code> to the value <code>1</code>, the
     * filter will match and the listener will be called with a
     * <code>ServiceEvent</code> of type <code>MODIFIED</code>. Thus, the
     * listener will not be called with a <code>ServiceEvent</code> of type
     * <code>REGISTERED</code>.
     * 
     * <p>
     * If the Java Runtime Environment supports permissions, the
     * <code>ServiceListener</code> object will be notified of a service event
     * only if the bundle that is registering it has the
     * <code>ServicePermission</code> to get the service using at least one of
     * the named classes the service was registered under.
     * 
     * @param listener The <code>ServiceListener</code> object to be added.
     * @param filter The filter criteria.
     * 
     * @throws InvalidSyntaxException If <code>filter</code> contains an
     *         invalid filter string that cannot be parsed.
     * @throws java.lang.IllegalStateException If this BundleContext is no
     *         longer valid.
     * 
     * @see ServiceEvent
     * @see ServiceListener
     * @see ServicePermission
     */
    public void addServiceListener(ServiceListener listener,
            String filter);

    /**
     * Adds the specified <code>ServiceListener</code> object to the context
     * bundle's list of listeners.
     * 
     * <p>
     * This method is the same as calling
     * <code>BundleContext.addServiceListener(ServiceListener listener,
     * String filter)</code>
     * with <code>filter</code> set to <code>null</code>.
     * 
     * @param listener The <code>ServiceListener</code> object to be added.
     * @throws java.lang.IllegalStateException If this BundleContext is no
     *         longer valid.
     * 
     * @see #addServiceListener(ServiceListener, String)
     */
    public void addServiceListener(ServiceListener listener);

    /**
     * Removes the specified <code>ServiceListener</code> object from the
     * context bundle's list of listeners.
     * 
     * <p>
     * If <code>listener</code> is not contained in this context bundle's list
     * of listeners, this method does nothing.
     * 
     * @param listener The <code>ServiceListener</code> to be removed.
     * @throws java.lang.IllegalStateException If this BundleContext is no
     *         longer valid.
     */
    public void removeServiceListener(ServiceListener listener);

    /**
     * Adds the specified <code>BundleListener</code> object to the context
     * bundle's list of listeners if not already present. BundleListener objects
     * are notified when a bundle has a lifecycle state change.
     * 
     * <p>
     * If the context bundle's list of listeners already contains a listener
     * <code>l</code> such that <code>(l==listener)</code>, this method
     * does nothing.
     * 
     * @param listener The <code>BundleListener</code> to be added.
     * @throws java.lang.IllegalStateException If this BundleContext is no
     *         longer valid.
     * @throws java.lang.SecurityException If listener is a
     *         <code>SynchronousBundleListener</code> and the caller does not
     *         have the appropriate <code>AdminPermission[context bundle,LISTENER]</code>,
     *         and the Java Runtime Environment supports permissions.
     * 
     * @see BundleEvent
     * @see BundleListener
     */
    public void addBundleListener(BundleListener listener);

    /**
     * Removes the specified <code>BundleListener</code> object from the
     * context bundle's list of listeners.
     * 
     * <p>
     * If <code>listener</code> is not contained in the context bundle's list
     * of listeners, this method does nothing.
     * 
     * @param listener The <code>BundleListener</code> object to be removed.
     * @throws java.lang.IllegalStateException If this BundleContext is no
     *         longer valid.
     * @throws java.lang.SecurityException If listener is a
     *         <code>SynchronousBundleListener</code> and the caller does not
     *         have the appropriate <code>AdminPermission[context bundle,LISTENER]</code>,
     *         and the Java Runtime Environment supports permissions.
     */
    public void removeBundleListener(BundleListener listener);

    /**
     * Adds the specified <code>FrameworkListener</code> object to the context
     * bundle's list of listeners if not already present. FrameworkListeners are
     * notified of general Framework events.
     * 
     * <p>
     * If the context bundle's list of listeners already contains a listener
     * <code>l</code> such that <code>(l==listener)</code>, this method
     * does nothing.
     * 
     * @param listener The <code>FrameworkListener</code> object to be added.
     * @throws java.lang.IllegalStateException If this BundleContext is no
     *         longer valid.
     * 
     * @see FrameworkEvent
     * @see FrameworkListener
     */
    public void addFrameworkListener(FrameworkListener listener);

    /**
     * Removes the specified <code>FrameworkListener</code> object from the
     * context bundle's list of listeners.
     * 
     * <p>
     * If <code>listener</code> is not contained in the context bundle's list
     * of listeners, this method does nothing.
     * 
     * @param listener The <code>FrameworkListener</code> object to be
     *        removed.
     * @throws java.lang.IllegalStateException If this BundleContext is no
     *         longer valid.
     */
    public void removeFrameworkListener(FrameworkListener listener);

    /**
     * Registers the specified service object with the specified properties
     * under the specified class names into the Framework. A
     * <code>ServiceRegistration</code> object is returned. The
     * <code>ServiceRegistration</code> object is for the private use of the
     * bundle registering the service and should not be shared with other
     * bundles. The registering bundle is defined to be the context bundle.
     * Other bundles can locate the service by using either the
     * {@link #getServiceReferences} or {@link #getServiceReference} method.
     * 
     * <p>
     * A bundle can register a service object that implements the
     * {@link ServiceFactory} interface to have more flexibility in providing
     * service objects to other bundles.
     * 
     * <p>
     * The following steps are required to register a service:
     * <ol>
     * <li>If <code>service</code> is not a <code>ServiceFactory</code>,
     * an <code>IllegalArgumentException</code> is thrown if
     * <code>service</code> is not an <code>instanceof</code> all the
     * classes named.
     * <li>The Framework adds these service properties to the specified
     * <code>Dictionary</code> (which may be <code>null</code>): a property
     * named {@link Constants#SERVICE_ID} identifying the registration number of
     * the service and a property named {@link Constants#OBJECTCLASS} containing
     * all the specified classes. If any of these properties have already been
     * specified by the registering bundle, their values will be overwritten by
     * the Framework.
     * <li>The service is added to the Framework service registry and may now
     * be used by other bundles.
     * <li>A service event of type {@link ServiceEvent#REGISTERED} is
     * fired.
     * <li>A <code>ServiceRegistration</code> object for this registration is
     * returned.
     * </ol>
     * 
     * @param clazzes The class names under which the service can be located.
     *        The class names in this array will be stored in the service's
     *        properties under the key {@link Constants#OBJECTCLASS}.
     * @param service The service object or a <code>ServiceFactory</code>
     *        object.
     * @param properties The properties for this service. The keys in the
     *        properties object must all be <code>String</code> objects. See
     *        {@link Constants} for a list of standard service property keys.
     *        Changes should not be made to this object after calling this
     *        method. To update the service's properties the
     *        {@link ServiceRegistration#setProperties} method must be called.
     *        The set of properties may be <code>null</code> if the service
     *        has no properties.
     * 
     * @return A <code>ServiceRegistration</code> object for use by the bundle
     *         registering the service to update the service's properties or to
     *         unregister the service.
     * 
     * @throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException If one of the following is
     *         true:
     *         <ul>
     *         <li><code>service</code> is <code>null</code>.
     *         <li><code>service</code> is not a <code>ServiceFactory</code>
     *         object and is not an instance of all the named classes in
     *         <code>clazzes</code>.
     *         <li><code>properties</code> contains case variants of the same
     *         key name.
     *         </ul>
     * 
     * @throws java.lang.SecurityException If the caller does not have the
     *         <code>ServicePermission</code> to register the service for all
     *         the named classes and the Java Runtime Environment supports
     *         permissions.
     * 
     * @throws java.lang.IllegalStateException If this BundleContext is no
     *         longer valid.
     * 
     * @see ServiceRegistration
     * @see ServiceFactory
     */
    public ServiceRegistration registerService(String[] clazzes,
            Object service, Dictionary properties);

    /**
     * Registers the specified service object with the specified properties
     * under the specified class name with the Framework.
     * 
     * <p>
     * This method is otherwise identical to
     * {@link #registerService(java.lang.String[], java.lang.Object,
     * java.util.Dictionary)} and is provided as a convenience when
     * <code>service</code> will only be registered under a single class name.
     * Note that even in this case the value of the service's
     * {@link Constants#OBJECTCLASS} property will be an array of strings,
     * rather than just a single string.
     * 
     * @param clazz The class name under which the service can be located.
     * @param service The service object or a <code>ServiceFactory</code>
     *        object.
     * @param properties The properties for this service. 
     * 
     * @return A <code>ServiceRegistration</code> object for use by the bundle
     *         registering the service to update the service's properties or to
     *         unregister the service.
     *         
     * @throws java.lang.IllegalStateException If this BundleContext is no
     *         longer valid.
     * @see #registerService(java.lang.String[], java.lang.Object,
     *      java.util.Dictionary)
     */
    public ServiceRegistration registerService(String clazz,
            Object service, Dictionary properties);

    /**
     * Returns an array of <code>ServiceReference</code> objects. The returned
     * array of <code>ServiceReference</code> objects contains services that
     * were registered under the specified class, match the specified filter
     * criteria, and the packages for the class names under which the services
     * were registered match the context bundle's packages as defined in
     * {@link ServiceReference#isAssignableTo(Bundle, String)}.
     * 
     * <p>
     * The list is valid at the time of the call to this method, however since
     * the Framework is a very dynamic environment, services can be modified or
     * unregistered at anytime.
     * 
     * <p>
     * <code>filter</code> is used to select the registered service whose
     * properties objects contain keys and values which satisfy the filter. See
     * {@link Filter} for a description of the filter string syntax.
     * 
     * <p>
     * If <code>filter</code> is <code>null</code>, all registered services
     * are considered to match the filter. If <code>filter</code> cannot be
     * parsed, an {@link InvalidSyntaxException} will be thrown with a human
     * readable message where the filter became unparsable.
     * 
     * <p>
     * The following steps are required to select a set of
     * <code>ServiceReference</code> objects:
     * <ol>
     * <li>If the filter string is not <code>null</code>, the filter string
     * is parsed and the set <code>ServiceReference</code> objects of
     * registered services that satisfy the filter is produced. If the filter
     * string is <code>null</code>, then all registered services are
     * considered to satisfy the filter.
     * <li>If the Java Runtime Environment supports permissions, the set of
     * <code>ServiceReference</code> objects produced by the previous step is
     * reduced by checking that the caller has the
     * <code>ServicePermission</code> to get at least one of the class names
     * under which the service was registered. If the caller does not have the
     * correct permission for a particular <code>ServiceReference</code>
     * object, then it is removed from the set.
     * <li>If <code>clazz</code> is not <code>null</code>, the set is
     * further reduced to those services that are an <code>instanceof</code>
     * and were registered under the specified class. The complete list of
     * classes of which a service is an instance and which were specified when
     * the service was registered is available from the service's
     * {@link Constants#OBJECTCLASS} property.
     * <li>The set is reduced one final time by cycling through each
     * <code>ServiceReference</code> object and calling
     * {@link ServiceReference#isAssignableTo(Bundle, String)} with the context
     * bundle and each class name under which the <code>ServiceReference</code>
     * object was registered. For any given <code>ServiceReference</code>
     * object, if any call to
     * {@link ServiceReference#isAssignableTo(Bundle, String)} returns
     * <code>false</code>, then it is removed from the set of
     * <code>ServiceReference</code> objects.
     * <li>An array of the remaining <code>ServiceReference</code> objects is
     * returned.
     * </ol>
     * 
     * @param clazz The class name with which the service was registered or
     *        <code>null</code> for all services.
     * @param filter The filter criteria.
     * @return An array of <code>ServiceReference</code> objects or
     *         <code>null</code> if no services are registered which satisfy
     *         the search.
     * @throws InvalidSyntaxException If <code>filter</code> contains an
     *         invalid filter string that cannot be parsed.
     * @throws java.lang.IllegalStateException If this BundleContext is no
     *         longer valid.
     */
    public ServiceReference[] getServiceReferences(String clazz,
            String filter);

    /**
     * Returns an array of <code>ServiceReference</code> objects. The returned
     * array of <code>ServiceReference</code> objects contains services that
     * were registered under the specified class and match the specified filter
     * criteria.
     * 
     * <p>
     * The list is valid at the time of the call to this method, however since
     * the Framework is a very dynamic environment, services can be modified or
     * unregistered at anytime.
     * 
     * <p>
     * <code>filter</code> is used to select the registered service whose
     * properties objects contain keys and values which satisfy the filter. See
     * {@link Filter} for a description of the filter string syntax.
     * 
     * <p>
     * If <code>filter</code> is <code>null</code>, all registered services
     * are considered to match the filter. If <code>filter</code> cannot be
     * parsed, an {@link InvalidSyntaxException} will be thrown with a human
     * readable message where the filter became unparsable.
     * 
     * <p>
     * The following steps are required to select a set of
     * <code>ServiceReference</code> objects:
     * <ol>
     * <li>If the filter string is not <code>null</code>, the filter string
     * is parsed and the set <code>ServiceReference</code> objects of
     * registered services that satisfy the filter is produced. If the filter
     * string is <code>null</code>, then all registered services are
     * considered to satisfy the filter.
     * <li>If the Java Runtime Environment supports permissions, the set of
     * <code>ServiceReference</code> objects produced by the previous step is
     * reduced by checking that the caller has the
     * <code>ServicePermission</code> to get at least one of the class names
     * under which the service was registered. If the caller does not have the
     * correct permission for a particular <code>ServiceReference</code>
     * object, then it is removed from the set.
     * <li>If <code>clazz</code> is not <code>null</code>, the set is
     * further reduced to those services that are an <code>instanceof</code>
     * and were registered under the specified class. The complete list of
     * classes of which a service is an instance and which were specified when
     * the service was registered is available from the service's
     * {@link Constants#OBJECTCLASS} property.
     * <li>An array of the remaining <code>ServiceReference</code> objects is
     * returned.
     * </ol>
     * 
     * @param clazz The class name with which the service was registered or
     *        <code>null</code> for all services.
     * @param filter The filter criteria.
     * @return An array of <code>ServiceReference</code> objects or
     *         <code>null</code> if no services are registered which satisfy
     *         the search.
     * @throws InvalidSyntaxException If <code>filter</code> contains an
     *         invalid filter string that cannot be parsed.
     * @throws java.lang.IllegalStateException If this BundleContext is no
     *         longer valid.
     * @since 1.3
     */
    public ServiceReference[] getAllServiceReferences(String clazz,
            String filter);

    /**
     * Returns a <code>ServiceReference</code> object for a service that
     * implements and was registered under the specified class.
     * 
     * <p>
     * This <code>ServiceReference</code> object is valid at the time of the
     * call to this method, however as the Framework is a very dynamic
     * environment, services can be modified or unregistered at anytime.
     * 
     * <p>
     * This method is the same as calling
     * {@link BundleContext#getServiceReferences(String, String)} with a
     * <code>null</code> filter string. It is provided as a convenience for
     * when the caller is interested in any service that implements the
     * specified class.
     * <p>
     * If multiple such services exist, the service with the highest ranking (as
     * specified in its {@link Constants#SERVICE_RANKING} property) is returned.
     * <p>
     * If there is a tie in ranking, the service with the lowest service ID (as
     * specified in its {@link Constants#SERVICE_ID} property); that is, the
     * service that was registered first is returned.
     * 
     * @param clazz The class name with which the service was registered.
     * @return A <code>ServiceReference</code> object, or <code>null</code>
     *         if no services are registered which implement the named class.
     * @throws java.lang.IllegalStateException If this BundleContext is no
     *         longer valid.
     * @see #getServiceReferences(String, String)
     */
    public ServiceReference getServiceReference(String clazz);

    /**
     * Returns the specified service object for a service.
     * <p>
     * A bundle's use of a service is tracked by the bundle's use count of that
     * service. Each time a service's service object is returned by
     * {@link #getService(ServiceReference)} the context bundle's use count for
     * that service is incremented by one. Each time the service is released by
     * {@link #ungetService(ServiceReference)} the context bundle's use count
     * for that service is decremented by one.
     * <p>
     * When a bundle's use count for a service drops to zero, the bundle should
     * no longer use that service.
     * 
     * <p>
     * This method will always return <code>null</code> when the service
     * associated with this <code>reference</code> has been unregistered.
     * 
     * <p>
     * The following steps are required to get the service object:
     * <ol>
     * <li>If the service has been unregistered, <code>null</code> is
     * returned.
     * <li>The context bundle's use count for this service is incremented by
     * one.
     * <li>If the context bundle's use count for the service is currently one
     * and the service was registered with an object implementing the
     * <code>ServiceFactory</code> interface, the
     * {@link ServiceFactory#getService(Bundle, ServiceRegistration)} method is
     * called to create a service object for the context bundle. This service
     * object is cached by the Framework. While the context bundle's use count
     * for the service is greater than zero, subsequent calls to get the
     * services's service object for the context bundle will return the cached
     * service object. <br>
     * If the service object returned by the <code>ServiceFactory</code>
     * object is not an <code>instanceof</code> all the classes named when the
     * service was registered or the <code>ServiceFactory</code> object throws
     * an exception, <code>null</code> is returned and a Framework event of
     * type {@link FrameworkEvent#ERROR} is fired.
     * <li>The service object for the service is returned.
     * </ol>
     * 
     * @param reference A reference to the service.
     * @return A service object for the service associated with
     *         <code>reference</code> or <code>null</code> if the service is
     *         not registered or does not implement the classes under which it
     *         was registered in the case of a <code>ServiceFactory</code>.
     * @throws java.lang.SecurityException If the caller does not have the
     *         <code>ServicePermission</code> to get the service using at
     *         least one of the named classes the service was registered under
     *         and the Java Runtime Environment supports permissions.
     * @throws java.lang.IllegalStateException If this BundleContext is no
     *         longer valid.
     * @see #ungetService(ServiceReference)
     * @see ServiceFactory
     */
    public Object getService(ServiceReference reference);

    /**
     * Releases the service object referenced by the specified
     * <code>ServiceReference</code> object. If the context bundle's use count
     * for the service is zero, this method returns <code>false</code>.
     * Otherwise, the context bundle's use count for the service is decremented
     * by one.
     * 
     * <p>
     * The service's service object should no longer be used and all references
     * to it should be destroyed when a bundle's use count for the service drops
     * to zero.
     * 
     * <p>
     * The following steps are required to unget the service object:
     * <ol>
     * <li>If the context bundle's use count for the service is zero or the
     * service has been unregistered, <code>false</code> is returned.
     * <li>The context bundle's use count for this service is decremented by
     * one.
     * <li>If the context bundle's use count for the service is currently zero
     * and the service was registered with a <code>ServiceFactory</code>
     * object, the
     * {@link ServiceFactory#ungetService(Bundle, ServiceRegistration, Object)}
     * method is called to release the service object for the context bundle.
     * <li><code>true</code> is returned.
     * </ol>
     * 
     * @param reference A reference to the service to be released.
     * @return <code>false</code> if the context bundle's use count for the
     *         service is zero or if the service has been unregistered;
     *         <code>true</code> otherwise.
     * @throws java.lang.IllegalStateException If this BundleContext is no
     *         longer valid.
     * @see #getService
     * @see ServiceFactory
     */
    public bool ungetService(ServiceReference reference);

    /**
     * Creates a <code>File</code> object for a file in the persistent storage
     * area provided for the bundle by the Framework. This method will return
     * <code>null</code> if the platform does not have file system support.
     * 
     * <p>
     * A <code>File</code> object for the base directory of the persistent
     * storage area provided for the context bundle by the Framework can be
     * obtained by calling this method with an empty string as
     * <code>filename</code>.
     * 
     * <p>
     * If the Java Runtime Environment supports permissions, the Framework will
     * ensure that the bundle has the <code>java.io.FilePermission</code> with
     * actions <code>read</code>,<code>write</code>,<code>delete</code>
     * for all files (recursively) in the persistent storage area provided for
     * the context bundle.
     * 
     * @param filename A relative name to the file to be accessed.
     * @return A <code>File</code> object that represents the requested file
     *         or <code>null</code> if the platform does not have file system
     *         support.
     * @throws java.lang.IllegalStateException If this BundleContext is no
     *         longer valid.
     */
    public File getDataFile(String filename);

    /**
     * Creates a <code>Filter</code> object. This <code>Filter</code> object
     * may be used to match a <code>ServiceReference</code> object or a
     * <code>Dictionary</code> object.
     * 
     * <p>
     * If the filter cannot be parsed, an {@link InvalidSyntaxException} will be
     * thrown with a human readable message where the filter became unparsable.
     * 
     * @param filter The filter string.
     * @return A <code>Filter</code> object encapsulating the filter string.
     * @throws InvalidSyntaxException If <code>filter</code> contains an
     *         invalid filter string that cannot be parsed.
     * @throws NullPointerException If <code>filter</code> is null.
     * @throws java.lang.IllegalStateException If this BundleContext is no
     *         longer valid.
     * 
     * @since 1.1
     * @see "Framework specification for a description of the filter string syntax."
     * @see FrameworkUtil#createFilter(String)
     */
    public Filter createFilter(String filter);
}